Abstract: In order to verify the evolution of wheat quality traits and the differences between different regions in recent years，660 national authorized wheat varieties from 11 regions were used to analyze seven quality traits（volumn weight，grain protein content，wet gluten content，stability time，water absorption rate，maximum tensile resistance and extension area）from 2021 to 2024.The results showed that the average volumn weight of wheat kernels was 808 g/L，protein content was 14.1%，wet gluten content was 31.6%，stability time was 6.2 min，water absorption rate was 59.5%，maximum tensile resistance was 383 EU，and extension area was 82 cm² of 660 national authorized wheat varieties from 11 regions in 2021—2024. The protein content，wet gluten content，water absorption rate and maximum tensile resistance of majority varieties reached the standard of strong gluten wheat，and the main constraining index was stability time. On the whole，the medium gluten wheat varieties were main，and the weak gluten wheat varieties number were the least. Among years，the proportion of medium‑strong gluten varieties generally increased firstly and then stabilized，the proportion of weak gluten wheat decreased，while the proportion of strong gluten wheat showed no obvious pattern；volumn weight，stability time，maximum tensile resistance and extension area generally increased firstly and then decreased，but protein content，wet gluten content and water absorption rate generally decreased. Among 11 regions，strong gluten wheat varieties were mainly distributed in the southern irrigated group（G3）and northern irrigated group（G4）of Huang‑Huai winter wheat area，and weak gluten wheat varieties were only distributed in the upper reach（G1）and the middle and lower reach（G2）of Yangtze River Valley. Among regions，the average protein content was the minimum（12.2%）in G1 region，and was the maximum（14.9%）in the northeastern spring wheat region（G8）and salt‑tolerant winter wheat group in Southern Xinjiang（G11）. The distribution of wet gluten content among 11 regions was consistent with that of protein content. The stability time varied greatly among 11 regions.The average stability time was the highest（7.2 min）in the northwest spring wheat region（G9），and was the lowest（2.4 min）in G1 region. There was no major difference in average water absorption rate among 11 regions. The maximum tensile resistance and tensile area were the smallest in G1 region，followed by G2 region. Correlation analysis showed that except for the correlation between water absorption rate and extension area，there was significant or extremely significant positive correlation among other indexes. The 11 regions were divided into three groups. The group 3 included G3，G4，G5，G7，G9，G10 and G11. The quality traits of the group 3 were better，and most of the quality indexes reached the standard of strong gluten or medium‑strong gluten wheat. Overall，the wheat varieties are mainly medium gluten type in China from 2021 to 2024，followed by middle‑strong gluten and strong gluten types，the weak gluten wheat varieties are extremely rare；the stability time between varieties varies greatly，and there is a large room for improvement，so it is suggested that this trait should be given particular attention in the future breeding process.

Key words: Wheat, Variety, Quality traits, Evolution, Regional difference

摘要： 为了解近年来我国小麦品质的变化趋势及不同区域间的差异，对2021—2024年通过国家审定的11个区域的660个小麦品种的容重、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、稳定时间、吸水率、最大拉伸阻力、拉伸面积进行分析。结果表明，660个小麦品种的平均容重为808 g/L，蛋白质含量为14.1%，湿面筋含量为31.6%，稳定时间为6.2 min，吸水率为59.5%，最大拉伸阻力为383 EU，拉伸面积为82 cm²；大多数品种的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、吸水率、最大拉伸阻力均达到强筋小麦标准，主要制约指标是稳定时间；整体上以中筋品种为主，弱筋品种最少。年际间，中强筋品种比例总体呈先升高后趋于平稳的趋势，弱筋品种比例呈下降趋势，强筋品种规律不明显；容重、稳定时间、最大拉伸阻力、拉伸面积总体上呈先升高后降低的趋势，蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、吸水率总体上呈降低趋势。在11个区域中，强筋品种主要分布在黄淮冬麦区南片水地组（G3）和黄淮冬麦区北片水地组（G4），弱筋品种仅出现在长江上游冬麦区（G1）和长江中下游冬麦区（G2）。不同区域间比较，G1区平均蛋白质含量最低（12.2%），东北春麦区（G8）和南疆耐盐碱冬小麦组（G11）平均蛋白质含量最高（14.9%）；湿面筋含量在不同区域的分布与蛋白质含量的分布较一致；稳定时间在各区域之间的变化幅度较大，西北春麦区（G9）的平均稳定时间最高（7.2 min），G1区最低（2.4 min）；吸水率在不同区域之间的差异较小；最大拉伸阻力、拉伸面积在G1区最小，其次是G2区。相关性分析结果表明，除吸水率与拉伸面积相关性不显著外，其他各品质性状间均呈显著或极显著正相关。将11个区域划分为3大类群，类群3包含G3、G4、G5、G7、G9、G10、G11，该类群品质性状较好，大部分品质指标均达到强筋或中强筋小麦标准。综上，2021—2024年我国小麦品种整体以中筋类型为主，其次为中强筋、强筋，弱筋小麦品种极少；品种间稳定时间变异较大，具有较大的改良空间，建议在育种过程中重点关注该性状。

关键词: 小麦, 品种, 品质性状, 演变, 区域差异