Screening and Breeding Utilization of Red‑Grain Wheat Germplasm Resistant to Pre‑harvest Sprouting

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.11.004

Abstract

Abstract: In order to screen new germplasm with resistance to pre‑harvest sprouting（PHS），discover new genes with resistance to PHS，and evaluate the breeding utilization of red‑grain wheat with resistance to PHS in the Huanghuai wheat‑growing region，field germination percentages of 98 winter wheat varieties（lines）in Huanghuai wheat‑growing region，33 wheat varieties（lines）in southwest wheat region，and 310 hybrid F1 generations with the southwestern wheat materials as the first‑generation hybrid parents and materials from the Huanghuai wheat region as the backcross parents were analyzed. Five materials were randomly selected for indoor germination percentage verification，and genes related to PHS resistance were detected in 12 materials（4 red‑grain materials with resistance to PHS and 8 white‑grain materials with susceptibleness to PHS）.The results showed that the field germination percentages of 98 wheat varieties（lines）in Huanghuai wheat‑growing region and 33 wheat varieties（lines）in southwest wheat region were grouped into four categories. Twenty‑five materials with germination percentage ranging from 0 to 11% constituted the class Ⅳ，which were resistant to PHS，and most of them were red‑grain materials（68%）. The indoor germination percentage results showed the same trend with the germination percentage result in field.Among the 195 F₁ materials with red‑grain material as the first parents，114 F₁ materials with germination percentage of 0—16% were clustered in class Ⅳ（resistant to PHS），accounting for 93%，which was much higher than that of the offspring with white‑grain material as the first parents（7%），indicating that red‑grain material contributed most of the PHS resistance of the hybrid offspring，and using red‑grain material could significantly improve the PHS resistance. Among the 195 F1 materials，111 F1 materials were white‑grain materials，and 33 were resistant to PHS，indicating that the grain color and PHS resistance could be regulated. Breeding practice proved that red‑grain germplasm could be used to breed new white‑grain material with resistance to PHS. TaVp‑1B and TaSdr‑B1 genes were not detected in white‑grain and red‑grain materials，and all materials had the same Tamyb10‑A，Tamyb10‑B，Dorm‑1 and TaVp‑1A genotypes，indicating that these genes may not be the source of resistance to PHS in red‑grain materials. The red‑grain material 21B2 contained the allele of PM19a with resistance to PHS，and the red‑grain materials Chinese Spring，21B2 and 21B42 with resistance to PHS had Tamyb10‑D gene，indicating that genes PM19a and TaMyb10‑D may promote the resistance of red‑grain germplasm. At the same time，a red‑grain germplasm with resistance to PHS without TaMyb10‑D gene was screened，and white‑grain materials with resistance to PHS were obtained from the hybrids，indicating that it could be used as germplasm with resistance to PHS for breeding in Huanghuai wheat‑growing region.

Key words: Wheat, Huanghuai wheat?growing region, Pre?harvest sprouting, Grain color, Germplasm

摘要： 为了筛选抗穗发芽新种质、挖掘抗穗发芽新基因、评价红粒抗穗发芽材料在黄淮麦区的育种利用情况，对98份黄淮麦区小麦品种（系）、33份西南麦区小麦品种（系）及以西南麦区小麦材料为第一次杂交亲本、黄淮麦区材料为复交亲本的310份杂交F₁的田间穗发芽情况进行统计，随机选择5份材料进行室内发芽验证，并对12份材料（4份红粒抗穗发芽和8份白粒感穗发芽材料）进行抗穗发芽相关基因的检测。结果表明，98份黄淮麦区小麦品种（系）和33份西南麦区小麦品种（系）聚为4类，第Ⅳ类为抗穗发芽材料，包含25份材料，大部分为红粒材料（68%），发芽率在0~11%。室内发芽率和田间发芽率结果表现相同的趋势。以红粒材料为第一次杂交亲本的195份F₁材料中，114份聚在第Ⅳ类（抗穗发芽，发芽率介于0~16%），占第Ⅳ类材料的93%，远远高于以白粒材料为第一次杂交亲本的后代中抗穗发芽材料的占比（7%），说明红粒材料贡献了大部分杂交后代的穗发芽抗性，利用红粒材料可以明显提高杂交后代的抗穗发芽能力。在这195份F1材料中，白粒材料有111份，33份抗穗发芽，说明粒色和穗发芽抗性是可以调节的。育种实践证明可以利用红粒种质培育白粒抗穗发芽新材料。白粒和红粒材料中未检测到TaVp-1B 和TaSdr-B1基因，都具有相同的Tamyb10-A、Tamyb10-B、Dorm-1、TaVp-1A 基因型，表明这些基因不是红粒材料抗穗发芽的主要原因。红粒抗穗发芽材料21B2含有PM19a抗穗发芽等位基因，中国春、21B2和21B42均含有Tamyb10-D基因，基因PM19a和TaMyb10-D可能对红粒材料的抗性起到促进作用。同时筛选到1份不含TaMyb10-D基因的抗穗发芽红粒材料，并在其后代获得了抗穗发芽白粒材料，说明其可以作为黄淮麦区抗穗发芽种质进行育种利用。

关键词: 小麦, 黄淮麦区, 穗发芽, 粒色, 种质

CLC Number:

S512

FU Mengsi, ZUO Zhixuan, XU Pei, YUE Ling, HU Xigui, HU Tiezhu, LI Gan, RU Zhengang, ZHAO Laibin. Screening and Breeding Utilization of Red‑Grain Wheat Germplasm Resistant to Pre‑harvest Sprouting[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(11): 30-39.

付梦思, 左志轩, 许培, 岳灵, 胡喜贵, 胡铁柱, 李淦, 茹振钢, 赵来宾. 红粒抗穗发芽小麦种质的筛选与育种利用[J]. 河南农业科学, 2025, 54(11): 30-39.

Figures/Tables 8

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