Screening and Breeding Utilization of Red‑Grain Wheat Germplasm Resistant to Pre‑harvest Sprouting

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.11.004

Abstract

Abstract: In order to screen new germplasm with resistance to pre‑harvest sprouting（PHS），discover new genes with resistance to PHS，and evaluate the breeding utilization of red‑grain wheat with resistance to PHS in the Huanghuai wheat‑growing region，field germination percentages of 98 winter wheat varieties（lines）in Huanghuai wheat‑growing region，33 wheat varieties（lines）in southwest wheat region，and 310 hybrid F1 generations with the southwestern wheat materials as the first‑generation hybrid parents and materials from the Huanghuai wheat region as the backcross parents were analyzed. Five materials were randomly selected for indoor germination percentage verification，and genes related to PHS resistance were detected in 12 materials（4 red‑grain materials with resistance to PHS and 8 white‑grain materials with susceptibleness to PHS）.The results showed that the field germination percentages of 98 wheat varieties（lines）in Huanghuai wheat‑growing region and 33 wheat varieties（lines）in southwest wheat region were grouped into four categories. Twenty‑five materials with germination percentage ranging from 0 to 11% constituted the class Ⅳ，which were resistant to PHS，and most of them were red‑grain materials（68%）. The indoor germination percentage results showed the same trend with the germination percentage result in field.Among the 195 F₁ materials with red‑grain material as the first parents，114 F₁ materials with germination percentage of 0—16% were clustered in class Ⅳ（resistant to PHS），accounting for 93%，which was much higher than that of the offspring with white‑grain material as the first parents（7%），indicating that red‑grain material contributed most of the PHS resistance of the hybrid offspring，and using red‑grain material could significantly improve the PHS resistance. Among the 195 F1 materials，111 F1 materials were white‑grain materials，and 33 were resistant to PHS，indicating that the grain color and PHS resistance could be regulated. Breeding practice proved that red‑grain germplasm could be used to breed new white‑grain material with resistance to PHS. TaVp‑1B and TaSdr‑B1 genes were not detected in white‑grain and red‑grain materials，and all materials had the same Tamyb10‑A，Tamyb10‑B，Dorm‑1 and TaVp‑1A genotypes，indicating that these genes may not be the source of resistance to PHS in red‑grain materials. The red‑grain material 21B2 contained the allele of PM19a with resistance to PHS，and the red‑grain materials Chinese Spring，21B2 and 21B42 with resistance to PHS had Tamyb10‑D gene，indicating that genes PM19a and TaMyb10‑D may promote the resistance of red‑grain germplasm. At the same time，a red‑grain germplasm with resistance to PHS without TaMyb10‑D gene was screened，and white‑grain materials with resistance to PHS were obtained from the hybrids，indicating that it could be used as germplasm with resistance to PHS for breeding in Huanghuai wheat‑growing region.

Key words: Wheat, Huanghuai wheat?growing region, Pre?harvest sprouting, Grain color, Germplasm

摘要： 为了筛选抗穗发芽新种质、挖掘抗穗发芽新基因、评价红粒抗穗发芽材料在黄淮麦区的育种利用情况，对98份黄淮麦区小麦品种（系）、33份西南麦区小麦品种（系）及以西南麦区小麦材料为第一次杂交亲本、黄淮麦区材料为复交亲本的310份杂交F₁的田间穗发芽情况进行统计，随机选择5份材料进行室内发芽验证，并对12份材料（4份红粒抗穗发芽和8份白粒感穗发芽材料）进行抗穗发芽相关基因的检测。结果表明，98份黄淮麦区小麦品种（系）和33份西南麦区小麦品种（系）聚为4类，第Ⅳ类为抗穗发芽材料，包含25份材料，大部分为红粒材料（68%），发芽率在0~11%。室内发芽率和田间发芽率结果表现相同的趋势。以红粒材料为第一次杂交亲本的195份F₁材料中，114份聚在第Ⅳ类（抗穗发芽，发芽率介于0~16%），占第Ⅳ类材料的93%，远远高于以白粒材料为第一次杂交亲本的后代中抗穗发芽材料的占比（7%），说明红粒材料贡献了大部分杂交后代的穗发芽抗性，利用红粒材料可以明显提高杂交后代的抗穗发芽能力。在这195份F1材料中，白粒材料有111份，33份抗穗发芽，说明粒色和穗发芽抗性是可以调节的。育种实践证明可以利用红粒种质培育白粒抗穗发芽新材料。白粒和红粒材料中未检测到TaVp-1B 和TaSdr-B1基因，都具有相同的Tamyb10-A、Tamyb10-B、Dorm-1、TaVp-1A 基因型，表明这些基因不是红粒材料抗穗发芽的主要原因。红粒抗穗发芽材料21B2含有PM19a抗穗发芽等位基因，中国春、21B2和21B42均含有Tamyb10-D基因，基因PM19a和TaMyb10-D可能对红粒材料的抗性起到促进作用。同时筛选到1份不含TaMyb10-D 基因的抗穗发芽红粒材料，并在其后代获得了抗穗发芽白粒材料，说明其可以作为黄淮麦区抗穗发芽种质进行育种利用。

关键词: 小麦, 黄淮麦区, 穗发芽, 粒色, 种质

CLC Number:

S512

FU Mengsi, ZUO Zhixuan, XU Pei, YUE Ling, HU Xigui, HU Tiezhu, LI Gan, RU Zhengang, ZHAO Laibin. Screening and Breeding Utilization of Red‑Grain Wheat Germplasm Resistant to Pre‑harvest Sprouting[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(11): 30-39.

付梦思, 左志轩, 许培, 岳灵, 胡喜贵, 胡铁柱, 李淦, 茹振钢, 赵来宾. 红粒抗穗发芽小麦种质的筛选与育种利用[J]. 河南农业科学, 2025, 54(11): 30-39.

Figures/Tables 8

References

［1］肖世和，闫长生，张海萍，等. 小麦穗发芽研究［M］．北京：中国农业科学技术出版社，2004.
XIAO S H. YAN C S，ZHANG H P，et al. Wheat spick germination study［M］.Beijing：China Agricultural Science and Technology Press，2004.
［2］张玉荣，潘运宇，宋秀娟，等. 小麦不同程度萌发后其加工品质的变化［J］. 河南工业大学学报（自然科学版），2020，41（1）：32‑38.
ZHANG Y R，PAN Y Y，SONG X J，et al. Changes in processing quality of wheat after different degrees of germination［J］.Journal of Henan University of Technology（Natural Science Edition），2020，41（1）：32‑38.
［3］梁王壮，唐雅楠，刘佳荟，等. 小麦发芽对面粉质量与加工产品品质的影响［J］.中国农业科学，2024，57（7）：1267‑1280.
LIANG W Z，TANG Y N，LIU J H，et al. Effect of flour and cooking/baking qualities by sprouted wheat［J］.Scientia Agricultura Sinica，2024，57（7）：1267‑1280.
［4］TAI L，WANG H J，XU X J，et al. Pre‑harvest sprouting in cereals：Genetic and biochemical mechanisms［J］.Journal of Experimental Botany，2021，72（8）：2857‑2876.
［5］SUN M H，TUAN P A，IZYDORCZYK M S，et al.Ethylene regulates post‑germination seedling growth in wheat through spatial and temporal modulation of ABA/GA balance［J］. Journal of Experimental Botany，2020，71（6）：1985‑2004.
［6］TAN M K，SHARP P J，LU M Q，et al. Genetics of grain dormancy in a white wheat［J］. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research，2006，57（11）：1157.
［7］HIMI E，MARES D J，YANAGISAWA A，et al. Effect of grain colour gene（R）on grain dormancy and sensitivity of the embryo to abscisic acid（ABA） in wheat［J］.Journal of Experimental Botany，2002，53（374）：1569‑1574.
［8］MARES D，MRVA K，CHEONG J，et al. A QTL located on chromosome 4A associated with dormancy in whiteand red‑grained wheats of diverse origin［J］. Theoretical and Applied Genetics，2005，111（7）：1357‑1364.

［9］LIU C，JIANG X X，WANG J J，et al. Effect of heat‑moisture treatment of germinated wheat on the quality of Chinese white salted noodles［J］.Cereal Chemistry，2019，96（1）：115‑128.

［10］黄义文，代旭冉，刘宏伟，等. 小麦抗穗发芽基因挖掘及分子育种进展［J］. 麦类作物学报，2021，41（2）：147‑156.
HUANG Y W，DAI X R，LIU H W，et al. Progress on identification of resistant QTLs/genes associated with wheat pre‑harvest sprouting and application in molecular breeding［J］. Journal of Triticeae Crops，2021，41（2）：147‑156.
［11］张海萍，冯继明，常成，等. 中国小麦地方品种籽粒强休眠特性的主效基因鉴定［J］. 农业生物技术学报，2011，19（2）：270‑277.

ZHANG H P，FENG J M，CHANG C，et al. Investigation of main loci contributing to strong seed dormancy of Chinese wheat landrace［J］. Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology，2011，19（2）：270‑277.

［12］常成，王旭阳，余赵玉，等. 中国小麦抗穗发芽种质资源的挖掘与创制［J］. 安徽农业大学学报，2023，50（5）：745‑750.

CHANG C，WANG X Y，YU Z Y，et al. Excavation and creation of pre‑harvest sprouting resistant germplasm resources in Chinese wheats［J］.Journal of Anhui Agricultural University，2023，50（5）：745‑750.

［13］陈杰，张星宇，白冬，等. 黄淮麦区（南片）小麦穗发芽抗性评价及其等位基因检测［J］. 分子植物育种，2023，21（14）：4694‑4701.

CHEN J，ZHANG X Y，BAI D，et al. Evaluation of wheat pre‑harwest sprouting resistance and allele detection in Huanghuai southern wheat region［J］.Molecular Plant Breeding，2023，21（14）：4694‑4701.

［14］朱雪成，马红勃，张娜，等. 江苏淮北地区小麦穗发芽抗性鉴定及其等位基因检测［J］. 麦类作物学报，2024，44（6）：687‑693.

ZHU X C，MA H B，ZHANG N，et al. Evaluation of wheat pre‑harvest sprouting resistance and allele detection in Huaibei area of Jiangsu Province［J］.Journal of Triticeae Crops，2024，44（6）：687‑693.

［15］龚承儒，袁雨豪，刘振，等. 小麦种质资源穗发芽抗性鉴定和分子标记分析［J］. 植物遗传资源学报，2024，25（9）：1493‑1503.

GONG C R，YUAN Y H，LIU Z，et al. Preharvest sprouting resistance test and functional markers assisted genotyping in wheat germplasm resources［J］.Journal of Plant Genetic Resources，2024，25（9）：1493‑1503.

［16］兰秀锦，郑有良，任晓波，等. RSP抗穗发芽基因育种利用研究初报［J］.植物遗传资源学报，2005，6（2）：204‑209.

LAN X J，ZHENG Y L，REN X B，et al. Utilization of preharvest sprouting tolerance gene of synthetic wheat RSP［J］. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources，2005，6（2）：204‑209.

［17］刘泽厚，王琴，叶美金，等. 人工合成小麦和地方品种穗发芽抗性育种利用效率［J］. 中国农业科学，2024，57（7）：1255‑1266.

LIU Z H，WANG Q，YE M J，et al. Utilization efficiency of improving the resistance for pre‑harvest sprouting by synthetic hexaploid wheat and Chinese wheat landrace［J］. Scientia Agricultura Sinica，2024，57（7）：1255‑1266.

［18］YANG Y，ZHANG C L，LIU S X，et al. Characterization of the rich haplotypes of Viviparous‑1A in Chinese wheats and development of a novel sequence‑tagged site marker for pre‑harvest sprouting resistance［J］.Molecular Breeding，2014，33（1）：75‑88.

［19］YANG Y，ZHAO X L，XIA L Q，et al. Development and validation of a Viviparous‑1 STS marker for pre‑harvest sprouting tolerance in Chinese wheats［J］. Theoretical and Applied Genetics，2007，115（7）：971‑980.

［20］HIMI E，MAEKAWA M，MIURA H，et al. Development of PCR markers for Tamyb10 related to R‑1，red grain color gene in wheat［J］.Theoretical and Applied Genetics，2011，122（8）：1561‑1576.

［21］LANG J，JIANG H Y，CHENG M P，et al. Variation of TaMyb10 and their function on grain color and pre‑harvest sprouting resistance of wheat［J］. The Plant Journal，2024，118（5）：1388‑1399.

［22］潘丽媛，王永军，李海军，等. 小麦抗穗发芽种质鉴评及其初步应用［J］.植物遗传资源学报，2024，25（8）：1268‑1282.
PAN L Y，WANG Y J，LI H J，et al. Evaluation of wheat pre‑harvest sprouting resistant germplasm resources and their preliminary application［J］. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources，2024，25（8）：1268‑1282.

［23］BARRERO J M，CAVANAGH C，VERBYLA K L，et al. Transcriptomic analysis of wheat near‑isogenic lines identifies PM9‑A1 and A2 as candidates for a major dormancy QTL［J］. Genome Biology，2015，16（1）：93.

［24］LIU S B，WANG D F，LIN M，et al. Artificial selection in breeding extensively enriched a functional allelic variation in TaPHS1 for pre‑harvest sprouting resistance in wheat［J］. Theoretical and Applied Genetics，2021，134（1）：339‑350.

［25］ZHANG Y J，MIAO X L，XIA X C，et al. Cloning of seed dormancy genes（TaSdr）associated with tolerance to pre‑harvest sprouting in common wheat and development of a functional marker［J］.Theoretical and Applied Genetics，2014，127（4）：855‑866.

［26］MARES D J，MRVA K，CHEONG J，et al. Dormancy and dormancy release in white‑grained wheat（Triticum aestivum L.）［J］. Planta，2021，253（1）：5.
［27］王震，李金秀，张彬，等. 不同生态区小麦品种的穗发芽抗性评价［J］. 应用生态学报，2020，31（12）：4161‑4170.
WANG Z，LI J X，ZHANG B，et al. Evaluation of pre‑harvest sprouting resistance of wheat varieties from different ecological regions［J］.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology，2020，31（12）：4161‑4170.

［28］HOLTON T A，CORNISH E C. Genetics and biochemistry of anthocyaninbiosynthesis［J］. Plant Cell，1995，7（7）：1071‑1083.

［29］HIMI E，KURIHARA‑YONEMOTO S，ABE F，et al. Tamyb10‑D1 restores red grain color and increases grain dormancy via suppressing expression of TaLTP2. 128，non‑specific lipid transfer protein in wheat［J］. Euphytica，2024，220（2）：16.

［30］王根平，毕惠惠，孙永伟，等. 红粒小麦Tamyb10单倍型检测及其与穗发芽抗性的关系［J］. 作物学报，2014，40（6）：984‑993.
WANG G P，BI H H，SUN Y W，et al. Characterization of Tamyb10 haplotypes and their association with pre‑harvest sprouting resistance in a set of Chinese red‑grained wheats［J］. Acta Agronomica Sinica，2014，40（6）：984‑993.

［31］LANG J，FU Y X，ZHOU Y，et al. Myb10‑D confers PHS‑3D resistance to pre‑harvest sprouting by regulating NCED in ABA biosynthesis pathway of whea［t J］. New Phytologist，2021，230（5）：1940‑1952.

［32］LIU D C，ZHANG L Q，HAO M，et al. Wheat breeding in the hometown of Chinese spring［J］.The Crop Journal，2018，6（1）：82‑90.

[1]	WANG Haodong, LU Yifang, YANG Shan, LIU Fengying, WANG Gang. Effect of the gacS Gene in Pseudomonas chlororaphis on the Biocontrol Efficacy against Wheat Take‑all Disease [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(9): 112-118.
[2]	YAO Huina, LI Junfei, NIU Yingying, FENG Shuang, JIANG Yaling, LI Ke, GAO Weiwei. Agronomic Traits and Quality Differences of Different Provenances of Corydalis yanhusuo Planted in Henan Province [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(9): 84-90.
[3]	ZHANG Suyu, LIU Hongjie, REN Dechao, YANG Mingda, GE Jun, ZHAO Jingling, ZHU Peipei, ZHENG Dongfang. Effects of Exogenous Regulators on Superior and Inferior Grain Filling and Yield of Wheat [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(9): 23-33.
[4]	LIU Xinglin, LIU Yuan, YANG Fan, LIU Buchun, HAN Rui. Research on County‑Level Yield Simulation of Winter Wheat in Henan Province Based on Machine Learning Algorithms [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(8): 167-180.
[5]	MA Shangying, XIA Tingting, HAN Pengbin, ZHANG Mengjiao, MAO Yingjie, WANG Zhiqiang, XIN Zeyu, LIN Tongbao, LIAN Yanhao, REN Yongzhe. Effects of Application Rate and Method of Nitrogen on Winter Wheat Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization，Yield and Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Residue under Wide‑Narrow Row Planting [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(8): 38-50.
[6]	ZANG Hecang, ZHOU Meng, WANG Yahui, PENG Yilong, ZHAO Qing, ZHANG Jie, LI Guoqiang. Study on Wheat Spike Automatic Detection Method Based on Improved YOLOv8n [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(7): 162-169.
[7]	XU Lanjie, AN Sufang, YU Yongliang, DONG Wei, LIANG Huizhen, TAN Zhengwei, YANG Qing, YANG Hongqi, WU Xiaohui. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Angelica dahurica Germplasm Resources [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(7): 64-71.
[8]	LI Chunxin, ZHAI Yunru, WANG Shufeng, CHEN Xiangong, ZHENG Mei, WANG Meng, ZHANG Ge, WANG Huiwei, YUAN Tianyou. Comprehensive Evaluation and Index Screening of Salt‑Alkali Tolerance during the Seedling Stage of Cyperus esculentus [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(7): 40-54.
[9]	WANG Haiyang, JIN Haiyang, SONG Hang, PAN Xiuyan, YAN Yaqian, YANG Xiwen, ZENG Zhaohai, ZANG Huadong, ZHENG Nian, LI Xiangdong, HE Dexian. Effects of Different Preceding Crops on Dry Matter Accumulation and Transportation，Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization and Yield of Winter Wheat [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(6): 1-10.
[10]	LI Shihang, GAO Wei, LI Yangyang, SUN Shilong, BAN Jiahao, NIE Zhaojun, GENG Yuehua, WANG Min, ZHAO Peng. Screening of Cd‐tolerant Fungi with High Cd Removal Ability and Their Effects on Wheat Growth and Cd Accumulation [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(5): 59-67.
[11]	LI Xiaode, BAI Xintong, WU Enzhao, LÜ Chunlei, CHEN Shulin, YIN Guihong, WANG Daowen, ZHANG Kunpu. Composition Analysis of Vernalization and Photoperiod Genes in Varieties（lines）Derived from Core Wheat Parent Zhou 8425B [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(5): 23-30.
[12]	ZHAO Lishang 1, YANG Tiancong 2, ZHANG Xiaomei2, SONG Quanhao 1, MA Zhiyao 2, FENG Wei 2, DUAN Jianzhao2. Effects of Tillage and Straw Returning Methods on Yield and N₂O Emission of Winter Wheat [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(4): 27-36.
[13]	GAO Cuimin, TIAN Yuan, ZHANG Ruiqing, HE Fang, HAN Weifeng, ZHANG Yunhong, PAN Xiaoying, YANG Yonghui. Effects of Irrigation Methods on Crop Yield and Water⁃Nitrogen Use Efficiency under Wheat⁃Peanut Rotation System [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(3): 31-39.
[14]	ZHANG Bowen, JIN Haiyang, XU Haixia, ZHENG Fei, HE Ning, SU Yazhong, ZHAO Guojian, CHENG Hongjian, CHENG Xiyong, LI Xiangdong. Effect of Spraying Amino Acid Chelated Zinc after Anthesis on Synthesis and Accumulation of Starch and Protein in Wheat Grains [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(3): 8-19.
[15]	PENG Chaojun, HUA Xia, WANG Songfeng, GAO Chong, DONG Haibin, HU Lin. Effect of Drought Stress on Photosynthetic and Physiological Characteristics of Flag Leaves of Different Wheat Varieties at Filling Stage [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(2): 40-47.