Abstract: Aiming at the serious shortage of pre⁃harvest sprouting（PHS）⁃resistant germplasm and cultivars in the Huang⁃Huai wheat region，a mutant library was constructed using Zhoumai 22 by ethyl methanesulfonate（EMS） mutagenesis.PHS⁃resistant mutants with excellent agronomic traits were screened through PHS resistance identification and agronomic trait analysis，so as to provide elite germplasm resources for PHS resistance breeding. The results showed that a total of 36 mutants with moderate or higher PHS resistance were identified from 1 189 mutants，which exhibited large variation coefficients and abundant variations in plant height，effective tiller number per plant，spike length，grain number per spike，1 000⁃grain weight，and grain yield per plant.Among the 36 PHS⁃resistant mutants，23 mutants showed no significant difference in plant height compared with wild type（WT），16 mutants had no significantly lower grain yield per plant than WT，and eight mutants had no significantly lower 1 000⁃grain weight than WT. Twelve mutants（SFY04，SFY05，SFY06，SFY13，SFY15，SFY18，SFY21，SFY22，SFY23，SFY24，SFY27，and SFY33）performed well in both plant height and grain yield per plant. Among them，SFY05，SFY13，SFY18，SFY22，SFY24，and SFY27 showed moderate or higher PHS resistance in two cropping years.Among the 16 mutants with no significantly lower grain yield per plant than WT，two mutants（SFY30 and SFY04）had no significant difference in 1 000⁃grain weight compared with WT，retaining the large⁃grain characteristic of WT.Among them，SFY30 was a dwarf mutant with large grains. Grain yield per plant was extremely significantly positively correlated with effective tiller number per plant.The 36 PHS⁃resistant mutants were clustered into four groups.Group Ⅰ contained 12 mutants including SFY03 and so on，with relatively balanced comprehensive traits. Group Ⅱ contained 20 mutants including Zhoumai 22 and so on，with obvious high⁃yield characteristics. Group Ⅲ contained four mutants including SFY15 and so on，belonging to the grain⁃number⁃per⁃spike superior type. Group Ⅳ had only one mutant（SFY19），which was extremely prominent in plant height and spike length（both the highest），belonging to a special ecotype or genetic extreme material. In conclusion，13 PHS⁃resistant mutants with excellent agronomic traits were developed and identified，including 12 mutants with superior performance in both plant height and grain yield per plant，and one dwarf mutant with large grains.Among them，six mutants（SFY05，SFY13，SFY18，SFY22，SFY24，and SFY27）possessed stable moderate or higher PHS resistance.

Key words: Zhoumai 22, Ethyl methanesulfonate（EMS）, Pre?harvest sprouting resistance, Mutant, Agronomic traits, Germplasm resources

摘要： 针对黄淮麦区抗穗发芽种质与品种严重缺乏的生产问题，以周麦22号为材料，采用甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）诱变技术创制突变体库，通过穗发芽抗性鉴定与农艺性状分析筛选农艺性状优良的抗穗发芽突变体材料，为抗穗发芽育种提供优异的种质资源。结果表明，从1 189份突变体材料中鉴定出中抗以上穗发芽材料36份，其株高、单株有效分蘖数、穗长、穗粒数、千粒质量、单株产量等变异系数较大，变异较丰富。在36份抗穗发芽突变体材料中，株高与野生型无显著差异的有23份，单株产量不显著低于野生型的突变体材料有16份，千粒质量不显著低于野生型的突变体材料有8份。株高和单株产量同时表现良好的突变体材料有12 份，分别是SFY04、SFY05、SFY06、SFY13、SFY15、SFY18、SFY21、SFY22、SFY23、SFY24、SFY27、SFY33，其中，SFY05、SFY13、SFY18、SFY22、SFY24、SFY27对穗发芽的抗性在2个年度均表现为中抗及以上；在单株产量不显著低于野生型的16份材料中，2份材料（SFY30和SFY04）千粒质量与野生型无显著差异，保持了野生型大粒的特性，其中，SFY30为矮秆大粒材料。单株产量与单株有效分蘖数呈极显著正相关。36份抗穗发芽突变体材料聚为4类，第1类包含SFY03等12份材料，综合性状较为均衡；第2类包含周麦22号等20份材料，具备明显的高产特征；第3类包含SFY15等4份材料，属于穗粒数优势型；第4类仅有1份材料（SFY19），在株高和穗长方面极为突出，均为最高，属于特殊生态型或遗传极端材料。综上，共创制并鉴定出抗穗发芽且农艺性状优良的突变体材料13份，包括12份株高和单株产量同时表现优良的突变体材料和1 份矮秆大粒突变体材料，其中，SFY05、SFY13、SFY18、SFY22、SFY24、SFY27等6份材料具有稳定的中抗以上穗发芽特性。

关键词: 周麦22号, 甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）, 抗穗发芽, 突变体, 农艺性状, 种质资源