关键词: 鸡粪, 橡胶木屑, 好氧堆肥, 生物炭, 氨气, 温室气体, 腐殖化, 微生物群落

Abstract: To address severe environmental pollution and carbon⁃nitrogen loss caused by emissions of ammonia（NH_₃） and greenhouse gases including nitrous oxide（N_₂O），carbon dioxide（CO_₂） and methane（CH₄） during livestock manure composting，chicken manure and rubberwood sawdust were used as primary raw materials in this study. Three treatments were established：no biochar addition（CK），10% raw biochar addition（T1），and 10% H_₃PO_₄⁃modified biochar addition（T2）. A 35⁃day aerobic composting experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different treatments on the composting process of chicken manure mixed with rubberwood sawdust，gas mitigation performance，and the corresponding microbial communities. The results showed that compared with the CK treatment，T1 and T2 raised the peak temperature of compost piles and prolonged the thermophilic phase by 4—6 days. At the end of composting （35 days after composting），the T2 treatment significantly reduced compost pH value and extremely significantly decreased electrical conductivity（EC） relative to CK. The seed germination index（GI） of all treatments met the maturity criterion（GI≥70%）. The contents of humic substances（HS）and humic acid（HA） increased markedly under T1 and T2 treatments. The increase rates of HS reached 150.58% and 174.43%，while those of HA were 80. 24% and 83. 98%，respectively，with T2 exhibiting the optimal promotion effect. In terms of gas emission reduction，compared with CK，T1 and T2 reduced NH₃ emissions by 18.17% and 47.41%，N₂O emissions by 12.22% and 17.93%，CO₂ emissions by 4.89% and 71.74%，and CH₄ emissions by 4.89% and 15.58%，respectively. The T2 treatment possessed superior comprehensive emission reduction capacity. Obvious shifts were observed in the relative abundance of microbial communities at both phylum and genus levels throughout composting.Bacillus，Corynebacterium，Actinomadura and Thermobacillus were the dominant genera in compost.Among them，Bacillus and Thermobacillus were significantly positively correlated with NH_₃ emission rate，whereas Actinomadura was significantly positively correlated with the emission rates of N_₂O and CH_₄. In conclusion，H3PO4⁃modified biochar（T2 treatment） effectively optimizes the temperature rise characteristics of compost，extends the thermophilic maturity stage，and mitigates NH₃ and greenhouse gas emissions，making it the best composting treatment in this experiment.

Key words: Chicken manure, Rubberwood sawdust, Aerobic composting, Biochar, Ammonia, Greenhouse gas, Humification, Microbial community