关键词: 大白菜, 有机物料, 生物炭, 土壤养分, 土壤有机碳, 土壤酶活性

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted from 2023 to 2024，with 750 kg/ha compound fertilizer with N‐P₂O₅‐K₂O of 15‐15‐15 as base fertilizer.On this basis，equal carbon amount（2 651 kg/ha）of exogenous organic material addition treatments were set up：adding shiitake mushroom residue（GZ），cow dung（CM），corn straw（MS），commercial organic fertilizer（OF）and biochar（BC）.The effects on the yield of Chinese cabbage and soil nutrient content，organic carbon component content and enzyme activity were studied，in order to improve the yield and soil fertility of Chinese cabbage. The results showed that compared with the control（CK），the yield of Chinese cabbage treated with GZ，CM，MS，OF and BC in 2023 increased by 113.7%，66.4%，49.2%，82.7%，and 163.3%（p<0.05），respectively.In 2024，the yield of Chinese cabbage treated with GZ，CM，MS，OF and BC increased by 124.6%，78.5%，24.0%，106.5%，and 146.4%（p<0.05），respectively. Compared with CK，the contents of total nitrogen，alkali‐hydrolyabl nitrogen，available phosphorus and available potassium content in GZ treatment increased by 89.0%，86.2%，68.0% and 143.7%（p<0.05），respectively，while the pH，total nitrogen，alkali‐hydrolyabl nitrogen and available potassium content of BC treatment increased by 4.5%，49.4%，132.7% and 374.0%（p<0.05），respectively.The contents of total organic carbon，labile organic carbon content，particulate organic carbon content and mineral‐associated organic carbon content in BC treatment were 72.0%，165.7%，224.0% and 106.1% higher than those in CK treatment（p<0.05），respectively.The total organic carbon content of GZ and MS treatments was 29.7% and 31.3%（p<0.05）higher than that of CK treatment，respectively，and the content of mineral‐associated organic carbon was 39.3% and 15.6%（p<0.05）higher than that of CK treatment.The carbon stock management indices under CM and BC treatments were both significantly higher than that under CK treatment. Compared with CK，urease activity and β‐glucosidase activity of OF and BC treatments were reduced by 31.8%，38.5%，17.5% and 26.8%（p<0.05），respectively，while the acid phosphatase activities of GZ，CM and MS treatments were increased by 29.6%，50.1% and 59.9%（p<0.05），respectively.The results of correlation analysis showed that the yield of Chinese cabbage was significantly positively correlated with soil available potassium，total organic carbon and mineral‐associated organic carbon contents，and extremely negatively correlated with urease activity.In addition，urease activity was significantly negatively correlated with alkali‐hydrolyabl nitrogen content.In conclusion，under the conditions of this experiment，biochar application is a good measure to improve the yield and soil fertility of Chinese cabbage.

Key words: Chinese cabbage, Organic material, Biochar, Soil nutrient, Soil organic carbon, Soil enzyme activity