关键词: 冬小麦, 碳基肥, 产量, 品质, 土壤养分, 后茬夏玉米

Abstract: To study the promoting effect of carbon‑based fertilizer application on the growth，development，and yield formation of winter wheat‑summer maize，a field experiment was conducted with five treatments：local conventional fertilization with 20% nitrogen reduction（CK），conventional fertilization with 20% nitrogen reduction+375 kg/ha of carbon‑based fertilizer（T1），conventional fertilization with 20% nitrogen reduction+750 kg/ha of carbon‑based fertilizer（T2），conventional fertilization with 20% nitrogen reduction+1 125 kg/ha of carbon‑based fertilizer（T3），and local conventional fertilization（100% chemical nitrogen fertilizer，T4）. The study aimed to explore the impact of reducing chemical fertilizer application and combining with carbon‑based fertilizer on the yield and quality formation of winter wheat in the current season，as well as its carryover effects on the yield and nutrient accumulation of the subsequent summer maize. The results showed that compared with CK，the yield of winter wheat treated with T3 was the highest，which was significantly increased by 16. 25% compared with CK.T2 treatment was the second，which significantly increased by 15. 13% compared with CK. There was no significant difference in yield between T3 and T2 treatments，and the yield difference was not significant compared with T4 treatment. The grain protein content，wet gluten content，gluten index，dry weight above ground，nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of T3 treatment were the largest and significantly higher than those of CK，and the nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation were significantly higher than that of T4 treatment.T2 treatment followed T3 treatment，but the difference between the two did not reach a significant level.Compared to CK，the soil organic matter，total nitrogen，available phosphorus，and available potassium contents were significantly increased in the treatment of conventional fertilization with 20% reduction in nitrogen combined with carbon‑based fertilizer. Among them，the organic matter，available phosphorus，and available potassium contents in T3 and T2 treatments increased to a significant level，and the available phosphorus content in T3 treatment was significantly higher than that in T4 treatment.Compared to CK，the yield and nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium accumulation of summer maize after conventional fertilization with 20% reduction in nitrogen combined with carbon‑based fertilizer were also significantly increased，and the yields of T3 and T2 treatments were superior to that of T4 treatment. In summary，conventional fertilization with 20% nitrogen reduction combined with 750—1 125 kg/ha of carbon‑based fertilizer could enhance soil fertility，and increase the nutrient accumulation of winter wheat，thereby benefiting the increase in winter wheat yield and quality improvement，and also promoting the increase in the yield of the following summer corn crop. It is a suitable fertilization model for the winter wheat‑summer maize rotation system under the conditions of this experiment.

Key words: Winter wheat, Carbon?based fertilizer, Yield, Quality, Soil nutrient, Subsequent summer maize