关键词: 烤烟, 生物炭, 膨润土, 海泡石, 氮动态, 碳动态, 烟叶品质, 碳库特征

Abstract: With flue‑cured tobacco as the research object，different biochar materials（rice husk biochar and corn straw biochar）were combined with different mineral amendments（bentonite and sepiolite）to explore the effects of different biochar and soil mineral amendment combinations on the growth of flue‑cured tobacco，soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics，and the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. A field experiment was conducted，with a total of seven treatments：the control treatment（CK，no biochar and amendment）；rice husk biochar alone（R）；rice husk biochar+bentonite（R1）；rice husk biochar+sepiolite（R2）；corn straw biochar alone（C）；corn straw biochar+bentonite（C1）；and corn straw biochar+sepiolite（C2）. The results indicated that R1 treatment significantly increased the content of total nitrogen and alkali‑soluble nitrogen. Specifically，the total nitrogen content during the harvesting stage increased by 19.10% compared to CK，and the decrease in total nitrogen（11.50%）was notably lower than that of CK（21.70%）. R1 treatment significantly enhanced the quality of soil carbon pool，with organic carbon，dissolved organic carbon，and microbial biomass carbon contents increased by 21.60%，22.30%，and 39.00% respectively compared to CK，and the carbon‑to‑nitrogen ratio increased from 8.10 to 11.34.The dry weight of the root system in R1 treatment increased by 26. 90% and 23. 80% during the vigorous growth period and the harvesting stage，respectively，compared to CK. In terms of economic traits and tobacco leaf quality，the yield of flue‑cured tobacco in R1 treatment reached 2 709.69 kg/ha，with an increase of 6.55% compared to CK；the proportion of high‑quality tobacco increased to 58.12%，and the average price and output value increased by 11.04% and 18.45% respectively compared to CK.The analysis of chemical components in tobacco leaves showed that R1 treatment optimized key indicators such as nicotine（3.27%），total sugar（31.40%），and petroleum ether extract（8.63%），among which the content of petroleum ether extract increased by 21.90% compared to CK. In contrast，the effect of the corn straw biochar treatment group was generally inferior to that of the rice husk biochar treatment group，indicating that the characteristics of biochar raw materials were the key influencing factor.In summary，the combination treatment of rice husk biochar and bentonite（R1）exhibited the best comprehensive effect. This treatment could effectively improve the carbon and nitrogen environment of rhizosphere soil，enhance nutrient retention capacity，and significantly enhance the yield and quality of flue‑cured tobacco.

Key words: Tobacco, Biochar, Bentonite, Sepiolite, Nitrogen dynamic, Carbon dynamic, Tobacco leaf quality, Carbon pool characteristic