河南农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (8): 38-50.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.004

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

施氮量和施氮方式对宽窄行种植冬小麦氮素吸收利用、产量及土壤氮残留的影响

马尚英1，夏婷婷1，韩鹏彬1，张梦姣1，毛应杰2，王志强1，辛泽毓1，林同保1，连延浩1,3，任永哲1
  

  1. （1.河南农业大学 农学院，河南 郑州 450046；2.河南农业大学 植保学院，河南 郑州 450046；3.南阳市农业科学院，河南 南阳 473000）
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-20 接受日期:2025-07-10 出版日期:2025-08-15 发布日期:2025-08-15
  • 通讯作者: 连延浩（1988-），男，河南新郑人，讲师，博士，主要从事节水灌溉原理与技术研究。E-mail：lianyanhao@henau.edu.cn 任永哲（1981-），男，河南延津人，教授，博士，主要从事作物水肥资源高效利用研究。E-mail：yongzheren66@163.com
  • 作者简介:马尚英（1999-），女，甘肃民勤人，在读硕士研究生，研究方向：作物氮素高效利用。E-mail：may19993444325@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD2300803-3）

Effects of Application Rate and Method of Nitrogen on Winter Wheat Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization，Yield and Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Residue under Wide‑Narrow Row Planting

MA Shangying1，XIA Tingting1，HAN Pengbin1，ZHANG Mengjiao1，MAO Yingjie2，WANG Zhiqiang1，XIN Zeyu1，LIN Tongbao1，LIAN Yanhao1,3，REN Yongzhe1   

  1. （1.College of Agronomy，Henan Agricultural University，Zhengzhou 450046，China；2.College of Plant Protection，Henan Agricultural University，Zhengzhou 450046，China；3.Nanyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Nanyang 473000，China）
  • Received:2025-05-20 Accepted:2025-07-10 Published:2025-08-15 Online:2025-08-15

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摘要： 以矮抗58（AK58）和豫农908（YN908）为试验材料，研究施氮量［120 kg/hm2（N120）、180 kg/hm2（N180）和240 kg/hm2（N240）］和施氮方式［条施（R）和撒施（S）］对宽窄行（30 cm -15 cm -15 cm）种植冬小麦地上部干物质积累量、氮素吸收利用、产量及土壤硝态氮残留量的影响，为进一步优化黄淮海地区小麦-玉米两熟管理制度以及周年减氮高效绿色施肥策略提供理论依据和技术支持。结果表明，AK58和YN908的地上部干物质积累量、氮素积累量、花前氮素转运量总体上均随着施氮量的增加而增加。在N120、N180条件下，相较于S处理，R处理AK58和YN908成熟期地上部干物质积累量分别显著提高10.56%、5.96%和6.21%、5.25%，成熟期穗部氮素积累量分别显著提高4.46%、7.41%和14.21%、9.94%，花前氮素转运量分别显著提高10.11%、12.23%和11.87%、12.21%。AK58和YN908的氮收获指数、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用效率均随施氮量的增加总体上呈降低的趋势，R处理较S处理提高AK58和YN908的氮肥利用效率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用效率，氮肥利用效率均在N180R处理时达到最大。AK58的籽粒产量随施氮量的增加呈先增后减的趋势，YN908的籽粒产量随着施氮量的增加呈增加的趋势，R处理较S处理显著提高了AK58在N120、N180条件下和YN908在N120条件下的籽粒产量，增幅分别为10.83%、6.06% 和15.59%，AK58 籽粒产量在N180R 处理时达到最大，YN908 籽粒产量在N240R处理时达到最大。土壤硝态氮残留量随着施氮量的增加逐渐增加，R处理较S处理提高了冬小麦收获期宽行区（玉米待播区）表层土壤硝态氮残留量，其中，N180处理0~40 cm土层（玉米根层）土壤硝态氮残留量为55.95 kg/hm2，与后茬玉米苗期的氮素需求匹配度最好。综上，宽窄行种植模式下，施氮量180 kg/hm2与条施结合是该区域冬小麦节氮稳产高效的栽培措施。

关键词: 冬小麦, 宽窄行种植, 施氮量, 施氮方式, 氮素吸收利用, 产量, 土壤硝态氮残留量

Abstract: Aikang 58（AK58）and Yunong 908（YN908）were used as experimental materials to study the effects of nitrogen application rates［120 kg/ha（N120），180 kg/ha（N180）and 240 kg/ha（N240）］and application methods ［strip application（R） and broadcast application（S）］ on the winter wheat aboveground dry matter accumulation，nitrogen absorption and utilization，yield and soil nitrate nitrogen residue under wide‑narrow row（30 cm ‑15 cm ‑15 cm）planting，so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for further optimizing the wheat‑maize double cropping management system and the annual nitrogen reduction and efficient green fertilization strategy in the Huang‑Huai‑Hai region.The results showed that the aboveground dry matter accumulation，nitrogen accumulation and pre‑anthesis nitrogen transport amount of AK58 and YN908 generally increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Under the conditions of N120 and N180，compared with S treatment，the aboveground dry matter accumulation at mature stage of R treatment significantly increased by 10.56%，5.96% and 6.21%，5.25%，respectively；the nitrogen accumulation in panicle at mature stage significantly increased by 4.46%，7.41% and 14.21%，9.94%，respectively；the pre‑anthesis nitrogen transport amount significantly increased by 10.11%，12.23% and 11.87%，12.21%，respectively.The nitrogen harvest index，partial factor productivity and agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer of AK58 and YN908 generally decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Compared with S treatment，R treatment increased the nitrogen use efficiency，partial factor productivity and agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer of AK58 and YN908，and the nitrogen use efficiency reached the maximum under N180R treatment.The grain yield of AK58 increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate，and the grain yield of YN908 increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Compared with S treatment，R treatment significantly increased the grain yield of AK58 under N120 and N180 conditions and YN908 under N120 condition，with the increase of 10.83%，6.06% and 15.59% respectively.AK58 reached the maximum yield under N180R treatment，and YN908 reached the maximum yield under N240R treatment. The nitrate nitrogen residue in soil gradually increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application rate. Compared with S treatment，R treatment increased the nitrate nitrogen residue in surface soil in wide row area（maize planting area）at mature stage of winter wheat.The nitrate nitrogen residue in 0—40 cm soil layer（maize root layer）of N180 treatment was 55.95 kg/ha，which was the best matching with the nitrogen demand of subsequent maize at seedling stage.In summary，under the wide‑narrow row planting，the combination of nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/ha and strip application is a cultivation measure for winter wheat to save nitrogen，stabilize yield and improve efficiency in this study area.

Key words: Winter wheat, Wide?narrow row planting, Nitrogen application rate, Nitrogen application method, Nitrogen uptake and utilization, Yield, Soil nitrate nitrogen residue

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