关键词: 黑麦草, 生物炭, 有机肥, 盐碱胁迫, 干物质积累, 产量效益

Abstract: To investigate the effects of biochar combined with organic fertilizer on the growth and development，physiological characteristics，dry matter accumulation，yield，and yield benefits of ryegrass under saline‑alkali stress，and to determine the appropriate amounts of biochar and organic fertilizer，a field randomized block experiment was conducted using ryegrass as the material，with five treatments［control（CK）：no biochar，organic fertilizer，and nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer）；T1：nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer（15：15：15） 500.3 kg/ha（conventional fertilizer dosage）；T2：1 000.5 kg/ha biochar+2 001.0 kg/ha organic fertilizer；T3：1 500.8 kg/ha biochar+4 002.0 kg/ha organic fertilizer；T4：2 001.0 kg/ha biochar+6 003.0 kg/ha organic fertilizer］，and the regulatory effects of different dosages of biochar combined with organic fertilizer on the growth，development，and physiological characteristics of ryegrass under saline‑alkali stress were analyzed.The results showed that the combination of biochar and organic fertilizer could effectively alleviate the inhibitory effects of salt alkali stress on the growth，development，physiological characteristics，and yield of ryegrass. Compared with the control group，T3 treatment significantly increased the plant height，root length，and leaf area of ryegrass by 65.6%，157.6%，and 37.1%，respectively. The chlorophyll a，chlorophyll b，total chlorophyll，and carotenoid contents were significantly increased by 111.1%，34.1%，93.6%，and 65.3%，respectively. The net photosynthetic rate，stomatal conductance，intercellular CO₂ concentration，and transpiration rate were significantly increased by 200.5%，71.4%，31.1%，and 58.4%，respectively.The activities of superoxide dismutase，peroxidase，and catalase were significantly increased by 90.1%，21.4%，and 85.9%，respectively，and the activity of ascorbate peroxidase was significantly reduced by 47.5%. The fresh grass yield and dry yield were both the highest，with dry yield reaching 4 262.1 kg/ha and benefit increment reaching 5 332.7 yuan/ha.In summary，T3 treatment（1 500.8 kg/ha biochar+4 002.0 kg/ha organic fertilizer）can effectively alleviate the inhibition of salt‑alkali stress on the growth and development of ryegrass，enhance its photosynthetic performance，balance antioxidant enzyme activity，promote biomass accumulation and yield increase，thereby improving the economic benefits of ryegrass planting.

Key words: Ryegrass, Biochar, Organic fertilizer, Saline?alkali stress, Dry matter accumulation, Yield benefit