河南农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (9): 58-67.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2026.09.006

• 专题：生物炭·土壤肥力·作物 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物炭与饼肥配施对烤烟生长及烤后烟叶香味成分的影响

程培军1，李伟观2，李亮1，常栋3，何晓冰3，张翔1，许跃奇3，邱岭军1，索炎炎1，司贤宗1,4，张恒3，张谦5，徐凤丹1，李倩1，闫萌1
  

  1. （1.河南省农业科学院 植物营养与资源环境研究所/河南省农业资源与环境重点实验室，河南 郑州 450002；2.河南省烟草专卖局（公司），河南 郑州 450046；3.河南省烟草公司 平顶山市公司，河南 平顶山 467000；4.史丹利化肥遂平有限公司，河南 遂平 463100；5.湖北中烟工业有限责任公司，湖北 武汉 430040）
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-18 接受日期:2026-05-08 出版日期:2026-09-15 发布日期:2026-09-24
  • 通讯作者: 许跃奇，农艺师，硕士，主要从事烟草栽培及烟叶生产技术推广。E-mail：xuyq6008@163.com
  • 作者简介:程培军，助理研究员，硕士，主要从事经济作物施肥管理。E-mail：cpjzw101@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省烟草局科技创新项目（2021410000240020）；河南省农业科学院创新团队项目（2024TD10）；河南省烟草公司平顶山市公司重点项目（PYKJ202108）；河南省烟草公司重点项目（2023410000240026）

Effects of Biochar Combined with Cake Fertilizer on Growth and Aroma Components of Flue‑Cured Tobacco

Cheng Peijun1，Li Weiguan2，Li Liang1，Chang Dong3，He Xiaobing3，Zhang Xiang1，Xu Yueqi3，Qiu Lingjun1，Suo Yanyan1，Si Xianzong1,4，Zhang Heng3，Zhang Qian5，Xu Fengdan1，Li Qian1，Yan Meng1   

  1. （1.Institute of Plant Nutrition and Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science，Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment，Zhengzhou 450002，China；2.Henan Tobacco Company，Zhengzhou 450046，China；3.Pingdingshan Prefecture Branch of Henan Tobacco Company，Pingdingshan 467000，China；4.Stanley Fertilizer Suiping Co.，Ltd.，Suiping 463100，China；5.China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co.，Ltd. ，Wuhan 430040，China）

  • Received:2026-03-18 Accepted:2026-05-08 Published:2026-09-15 Online:2026-09-24

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摘要： 为了探讨增施生物炭与饼肥对烤烟生长及烤后烟叶香味成分的影响，明确烤烟提质丰产适宜施肥模式，设置5个处理［单施化肥（CK）、化肥+生物炭（T1）、化肥+生物炭+菜籽饼（T2）、化肥+生物炭+芝麻饼（T3）、化肥+生物炭+豆饼（T4）］，测定烟叶农艺性状、光合参数、抗氧化酶活性、烤后烟叶化学成分和香味成分。结果表明，与CK处理相比，增施生物炭（T1处理）可促进烤烟生长，旺长期株高、最大叶宽、叶片数、净光合速率（Pn）及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性分别增加了15.5%、5.4%、6.5%、8.2%、8.7%、15.3%、15.5%，烤烟增产8.7%，中部叶香味成分总量提高24.6%。增施生物炭与饼肥较增施生物炭使旺长期株高、最大叶长、最大叶宽、叶片数、Pn及SOD、CAT、APX 活性分别显著增加了7.0%~20.0%、7.4%~12.5%、5.8%~13.2%、12.0%~23.1%、3.3%~7.8%、10.6%~13.9%、20.3%~37.8%、10.7%~26.4%，烤烟增产6.8%~10.2%，并协调烤烟化学成分。增施生物炭与饼肥烤烟棕色化反应产物、类胡萝卜素降解产物、类西柏烷类降解产物和香味成分总量较增施生物炭均显著增加，分别增加8.9%~20.9%、17.4%~33.4%、31.8%~54.1%和6.4%~32.3%。增施生物炭与饼肥对叶绿素降解产物和香味成分总量影响显著，且菜籽饼、芝麻饼、豆饼的整体施用效果依次递增。综合分析，增施生物炭与饼肥效果优于增施生物炭。其中，增施生物炭与豆饼的整体效果最优。

关键词: 烤烟, 生物炭, 饼肥, 产量, 香味成分

Abstract: To investigate the effects of addition of biochar and cake fertilizer on flue‑cured tobacco growth and aroma components in cured tobacco leaves，and to identify an optimal fertilization regime for high yield and superior quality of flue‑cured tobacco，five treatments were established：chemical fertilizer alone（CK），chemical fertilizer+biochar（T1），chemical fertilizer plus biochar+rapeseed cake（T2），chemical fertilizer+biochar+sesame cake （T3），and chemical fertilizer plus biochar+soybean cake（T4）. Agronomic traits，photosynthetic parameters，antioxidant enzyme activities of tobacco plants，as well as chemical components and aroma components of cured tobacco leaves were measured. The results showed that compared with CK，adding biochar（T1 treatment） improved tobacco growth at the vigorous growth stage：plant height，maximum leaf width and leaf number increased by 15.5%，5.4% and 6.5%，respectively；net photosynthetic rate（Pn）rose by 8.2%；the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD），catalase（CAT）and ascorbate peroxidase（APX） were enhanced by 8.7%，15.3% and 15.5%. Tobacco yield increased by 8.7%，and the total content of aroma components in middle leaves was elevated by 24.6%. Relative to adding biochar，adding biochar and cake fertilization significantly increased plant height （7.0%—20.0%），maximum leaf length（7.4%—12.5%），maximum leaf width（5.8%—13.2%），leaf number（12.0%—23.1%），Pn（3.3%—7.8%），SOD activity（10.6%—13.9%），CAT activity（20.3%—37.8%） and APX activity （10.7%—26.4%）at the vigorous growth stage. Tobacco yield was boosted by 6.8%—10.2%，and the chemical composition of flue‑cured tobacco leaves was optimized simultaneously. Compared with adding biochar treatment，addition of biochar and cake fertilizaer significantly raised browning reaction products，carotenoid degradation products，cembrane degradation products and total aroma components by 8.9%—20.9%，17.4%—33.4%，31.8%—54.1% and 6.4%—32.3%，respectively.The addition of biochar and cake fertilizer had a significant effect on chlorophyll degradation products and total aroma components，and the overall application effects of rapeseed cake，sesame cake，and soybean cake increased in sequence.Comprehensive analysis showed that the addition of biochar and cake fertilizer was more effective than the application of adding biochar.Among them，the addition of biochar and soybean cake had the best overall effect.

Key words: Flue?cured tobacco, Biochar, Cake fertilizer, Yield, Aroma component

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