关键词: 高粱, 性状, 产量, 品质, 主成分分析, 陇东旱作区

Abstract: Sixteen sorghum germplasms were evaluated for their agronomic and quality traits in the arid region of Longdong using diversity index，correlation analysis，and principal component analysis，so as to screen the suitable germplasms for cultivation and provide a basis for germplasm utilization and cultivar breeding.The results showed that agronomic traits and yield were significantly different among different germplasms. Yield ranged from 7.96 to 10.60 t/ha，with Jinchangzao A/8385 having the highest yield，and 3148A/PSR1 having the lowest yield. Plant height ranged from 131.67 to 189.67 cm，stem diameter ranged from 10.81 to 22.44 mm，panicle length ranged from 26.90 to 39.13 cm，panicle weight ranged from 93.33 to 186.00 g，grain weight per panicle ranged from 76.33 to 156.33 g，and 1 000⁃grain weight ranged from 22.90 to 36.73 g.Quality traits were also significantly different among different germplasms.The protein content ranged from 7.75% to 10.47%，fat content ranged from 2.30% to 4.09%，starch content ranged from 57.87% to 76.01%，and tannin content ranged from 0.37% to 1.46%. Protein content，yield，and panicle length displayed relatively high variation coefficients，whereas tannin content showed the lowest genetic diversity index. Plant height was significantly or highly significantly positively correlated with 1 000⁃grain weight，panicle weight，grain weight per panicle，and yield.Highly significantly positive correlations were detected among 1 000⁃grain weight，panicle weight，grain weight per panicle，and yield.Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the top four principal components reached 80.51%.Among all germplasms，the comprehensive scores of LNHA/866，YuanA/15734R，and 6A/8801 ranked the top three.Overall，LNHA/866，YuanA/15734R，6A/8801 have superior traits in the Longdong region.

Key words: Sorghum, Traits, Yield, Quality, Principal component analysis, Arid region of Longdong