河南农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3): 87-94.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.008

• 农业资源与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

微生物复合菌剂添加对白酒酒糟堆肥腐熟速度的影响

曾祥1,2,江友峰1,2,杨明开1,2,程利芳羽1,2,蔡江波1,2,郑博文1,2,冉雪松1,2,王岩3,胡晓娜3
  

  1. (1.贵州茅台酒厂(集团)循环经济产业投资开发有限公司,贵州 遵义 563100;2.贵州省白酒制造业创新中心,贵州 仁怀 564500;3. 郑州大学生态与环境学院,河南 郑州 450002)
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-03 出版日期:2024-03-15 发布日期:2024-04-19
  • 通讯作者: 胡晓娜(1991-),女,河南济源人,讲师,博士,主要从事废弃物资源化及其微生物学机制研究。E-mail:xiaonahu@zzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:曾祥(1991-),男,湖南岳阳人,工程师,硕士,主要从事酿酒副产物资源化和功能微生物应用研究。E-mail:420495342@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省重点研发与推广专项(222102320203)

Effect of Microbial Compound Agent Addition on Maturation Rate of Distiller’s Grains Compost

ZENG Xiang1,2,JIANG Youfeng1,2,YANG Mingkai1,2,CHENG Lifangyu1,2,CAI Jiangbo1,2,ZHENG Bowen1,2,RAN Xuesong1,2,WANG Yan3,HU Xiaona3   

  1. (1.Kweichow Moutai Distillery(Group)Circular Economy Industry Investment and Development Co.,Ltd.,Zunyi
    563100,China;2.Guizhou Innovation Center of Liquor Manufacturing,Renhuai 564500,China;3.School of Ecology and
    Environment,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
  • Received:2023-11-03 Published:2024-03-15 Online:2024-04-19

摘要: 为提高白酒酒糟堆肥的腐熟速度,以酱香型白酒酒糟为主要原料,添加曲草和钙镁磷肥调节通气性和pH值,采用高温好氧堆肥工艺进行36 d的堆肥试验,通过测定堆肥过程中的温度、pH值、电导率值、氮含量和种子发芽指数,探究由枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)和酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)组成的复合菌剂的添加对堆肥过程及腐熟速度 的影响。结果表明,未接种菌剂的对照组和复合菌剂组各自经历30 d的高温期后进入降温期,达到了高温堆肥的无害化要求。与对照组相比,添加复合菌剂使堆肥1~19 d的堆体升温速度增加0.16 ℃/d,1~9 d的pH值增速提高0.04/d,18~24、30~36 d的电导率值降低0.15~0.30 mS/cm,同时12~36 d铵态氮的积累减少20.81%~33.23%。添加复合菌剂后,种子发芽指数于第30天升高至70.85%,达到有机肥腐熟标准,而对照组仅为47.21%。综上,复合菌剂通过加快有机物降解、快速改善酸性环境、降低盐含量和铵态氮含量,促进种子发芽指数快速提高,加快了白酒酒糟堆肥进程,提高了堆肥腐熟速度。

关键词: 白酒酒糟, 好氧堆肥, 种子发芽指数, 堆肥腐熟度, 微生物菌剂

Abstract: To study the maturation of distiller’s grains compost,Jiangxiang distiller’s grains were used as the main raw material. Rice straw fermented for liquor production was added to improve aeration,and calcium‐magnesium phosphorus fertilizer was added to increase the pH value.The high‐temperature aerobic composting lasted 36 days.Temperature,pH,electrical conductivity,nitrogen content,and germination index during composting were determined to explore the effects of the microbial compound agent composed of Bacillus subtilis,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the composting process and maturation rate.The results showed that the control group without an extra microbial agent and the treatment group added with the microbial compound agent experienced 30 days of high‐temperature period and then entered the cooling period. Both groups reached the harmless standard of high‐temperature compost. Compared with the control group,the addition of the microbial compound agent increased the rate of heap warming by 0.16 ℃/d from days 1 to 19,increased the pH growth rate by 0.04/d during days 1 to 9,decreased the electrical conductivity values by 0.15—0.30 mS/cm during days 18 to 24 and 30 to 36,and reduced the accumulation of NH4+‐N by 20.81%—33.23% from days 12 to 36.The germination index increased to 70.85% on the 30th day after the inoculation of the microbial compound agent,meeting the maturation requirement of organic fertilizer,while the germination index of the control group only reached 47.21%.To sum up,the compound microbial agent can accelerate the degradation of organic matter,rapidly improve the acidic environment,reduce the concentration of salt and ammonium nitrogen,promote the rapid increase of seed germination index,accelerate the composting process of distiller’s grains,and improve the composting speed.

Key words: Distiller’s grains, Aerobic composting, Germination index, Compost maturity, Microbial agent

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