关键词: 怀菊, 稻壳炭, 玉米秸秆炭, 生长, 品质, 土壤养分

Abstract: To investigate the effects of rice husk biochar and corn straw biochar on the growth，quality，and soil nutrients of Huai chrysanthemum，three levels of rice husk biochar（150，300，450 kg/ha，numbered D1，D2，D3 in sequence）and three levels of corn straw biochar（300，450，600 kg/ha，numbered Y1，Y2，Y3 in sequence） were set up，with no application of rice husk biochar and corn straw biochar as a control（CK）.A total of seven treatments were conducted to study the effects of the two biochars on the agronomic traits，photosynthetic parameters，yield，medicinal components，soil available nutrients，and key enzyme activities of Huai chrysanthemum. The results showed that compared with CK，the application of two types of biochar significantly improved the plant height，maximum photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm），stomatal conductance（Gs），transpiration rate（Tr），and total yield of Huai chrysanthemum. Among them，D3 and Y3 treatments showed a higher increase in plant height，with an increase of 21.2% and 22.5% respectively compared to CK；the stem thickness of Y2 treatment was the largest，increasing by 13.49% compared to CK；the optimal number of branches was in D2，with an increase of 56.23%；Y3 showed the highest increase in net photosynthetic rate（Pn），Gs，and Tr compared to CK，with increases of 116.91%，307.21%，and 210.76%，respectively.The yield performance was better in D2，Y2，and Y3 treatments，with significant increases of 57.39%，53.19%，and 59.13% compared to CK，respectively. In terms of quality，the total flavonoids of all biochar treatments were significantly increased by 18.05%—55.86% compared to CK.There was no significant difference in chlorogenic acid and 3，5‑O‑dicaffeoylquinic acid between rice husk biochar group and CK，while the content of hesperidin was significantly reduced by 17.42%—23.87%.The chlorogenic acid and 3，5‑O‑dicaffeoylquinic acid treated with corn straw biochar increased by 9.27%—22.06% and 18.78%—28.45% respectively compared to CK. The content of hesperidin significantly increased with increasing application rate，with Y3 treatment showing a significant increase of 16.87% compared to CK.In terms of soil indicators，both types of biochar can significantly increase the content of soil alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen，available phosphorus，available potassium，as well as urease and sucrase activities overall.Among them，the content of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen，available phosphorus，and available potassium in soil treated with D3 and Y3 increased by 5.05%，9.06%，6.67% and 4.28%，6.68%，7.44% respectively compared to CK；the urease activity significantly increased by 228.41% and 321.59% compared to CK，respectively.The peak of sucrase activity appeared in D2 and Y2 treatments，which increased by 46.71% and 58.48% respectively compared to CK. In summary，D2，Y2，and Y3 treatments showed the pretty overall performance.The recommended amount of biochar for field cultivation of Huai chrysanthemum is 300 kg/ha of rice husk biochar or 450—600 kg/ha of corn straw biochar.

Key words: Huai chrysanthemum, Rice husk biochar, Corn straw biochar, Growth, Quality, Soil nutrients