Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

Recent Advances in the Interaction between Mycorrhizal Fungi and Different Fungi in Plant Root Microecosystem

WU Jiayu, HU Wei, YANG Zhiyu, YANG Hongyi, LI Lili

2022, 51(2): 1-9. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.02.001

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Mycorrhizal fungi are widely present in the roots of host plants，which can not only promote the plant absorption of soil nutrients and improve the host mineral nutrient levels，but also protect plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. The plant root microecosystem contains a large number of different species of fungi，such as phytopathogenic fungi，saprophytic fungi，and plant endophytic fungi. Mycorrhizal fungi can form an intricate network of microbial interactions with different fungi in the plant root microecosystem，thus affecting plant growth and development. In this paper，the interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and plant endophytic fungi，phytopathogenic fungi and fungi in the rhizosphere soil were reviewed to provide a reference for analyzing the interaction mechanism between mycorrhizal fungi and different fungi in plant root microecosystem and maintaining the stability of plant root microecosystem.

Research Progress on Glandular Hairs in Cannabis sativa L.

2022, 51(2): 10-17. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.02.002

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Cannabis sativa L.is an important medicinal and fiber crop.The medicinal significance is the result of its rich secondary metabolites such as cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol，which are important raw materials in pharmaceutical industries. Glandular hairs are very important organs involved in plant defense response and synthesis and storage of some secondary metabolites.Synthesis and accumulation of cannabinoid in cannabis are linked to glandular hairs.We introduced the morphological structure of cannabis glandular hairs and the characteristics of three secretory glandular hairs，the synthesis pathway of metabolites in glandular hairs as well as the regulatory mechanism of cannabinoid synthesis.At the same time，we put forward suggestions and directions for researching cannabis glandular hairs in the future，which would promote the directional breeding of medicinal cannabis，and breeding of varieties with low toxicity or even non‑toxicity and high medical value.

Molecular Detection of Quality Related Genes of 41 Wheat Varieties（Lines）in Huang‑Huai Wheat Region

LI Chunxin, ZHAO Mingzhong, HAN Liupeng, GAO Chong, LI Zhengling, WANG Yan, ZAN Xiangcun, HU Lin

2022, 51(2): 18-27. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.02.003

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In order to clarify the distribution and frequency of quality related genes of 41 wheat varieties（lines） in Huang‑Huai wheat region of China，23 molecular markers were used to detect the genes related to quality traits such as gluten strength，starch properties，flour color and grain hardness.The results showed that the frequencies of Ax2*，Dx5 + Dy10 and Dx2 + Dy12 genes were 7.32%，43.90%and 56.10%.Wx-B1b was only found in one variety.The frequencies of low yellow pigment content related genes，Psy-A1b，Psy-B1b and Zds-A1a，were 39.02%，43.90% and 51.22%，while the frequencies of high yellow pigment content related genes，Psy-A1a，Psy-B1a，Psy-B1c and Zds-A1b，were 60.98%，39.03%，17.07% and 48. 78%，respectively. The Zds‑D1 locus was all Zds-D1b type.The frequencies of low polyphenol oxidase activity related genes Ppo-A1b and Ppo-D1a were 51.22% and 60.98%. The frequencies of lipoxygenase genes Lox-B1a and Lox-B1b were 14.63% and 85.37%.The six genotypes（frequencies）related to grain hardness were Pina-D1a（80. 48%），Pina-D1b（19.52%），Pinb-D1a（26.83%），Pinb-D1b（73.17%），Pinb-2v2（34.15%） and Pinb-2v3（65.85%）.Inthis experiment，14 excellent genes related to quality and 16 excellent gene combinations were detected，in which Ax2*/Dy10+Dx5 and Dy10+Dx5/Wx-B1b appeared in Shaanken No. 10 and Zhengmai 366 respectively；Seven varieties（lines）had all the 4 low yellow pigment related genes，which were Zhengmai 0856，Zhengmai 1325，Zhengmai 9188，Zhengmai 9062‑5，Zhengmai 9062‑9，Xinmai 28 and Xinong 979，accounting for 17.07%.

Optimization of Wheat Breeding Technology System for Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in South Huang‑Huai Wheat Region

LI Zhengling, ZHANG Yu, HAN Liupeng, WANG Yongxia, FANG Yuhui, HU Lin, XU Weigang

2022, 51(2): 28-36. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.02.004

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In order to further optimize the wheat breeding technology system for resistance to Fusarium head blight（Fhb）and the large‑scale resistance identification technology in the south of Huang‑Huai wheat zone，the wheat varieties with different resistance to Fhb（high resistance，moderate resistance，moderate susceptibility，high susceptibility）were used，the incidence and severity of disease by three frequently used inoculation methods with different inoculation amount were compared under the climatic conditions of the south of Huang‑Huai wheat zone，and limited backcross combined with marker‑assisted selection breeding and haploid breeding were used to select resistant cultivars.The results showed that the optimum inoculation amount for artificial soil surface inoculation method was 120 kg/ha，and the diseased grains should be scattered evenly between wheat rows twice in one month before heading.The optimum inoculation concentration for artificial spray inoculation method was 10⁴/mL，and the conidial suspension should be sprayed on the wheat spike with the amount of 100 mL/m² at the early flowering stage.The optimum inoculation amount for single spikelet inoculation method was 15—20 μL（10⁵/mL），and the conidial suspension should be injected to a spikelet in the middle of spikes at the early flowering stage.The Fhb‑resistant genes Fhb1 and Fhb7 were introduced into the high‑yield wheat cultivar Zhengmai 1860 by the method of limited backcross and marker‑assisted selection，and new wheat lines with better resistance than the recurrent parent were bred based on field resistance identification and agronomic traits selection.By comparing the comprehensive performance of haploid breeding progenies of different types of parents，we considered that it was more easily to breed cultivars with high yield and Fhb resistance using hybrid materials with balance between yield and Fhb resistance.

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Yield and Quality of Rice in Soda Saline‑Alkali Soil

WANG Zhijun, LI Hongyu, XIA Yuying, ZHAO Haicheng, WANG Shiqiang, QIAN Yongde, ZHENG Guiping

2022, 51(2): 37-46. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.02.005

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The effect of nitrogen fertilizer management［base fertilizer∶tiller fertilizer∶regulating fertilizer∶ear fertilizer=4∶3∶1∶2（B1），on the basis of B1，tiller fertilizer，regulating fertilizer or ear fertilizer was increased by 15%，named as B2，B3 and B4 respectively］on rice yield and quality was studied with soda saline‑alkali soil（A1）and chernozem soil（A2）by pot experiment，so as to provide a theoretical basis for reasonable fertilization of rice in soda saline‑alkali soil. The results showed that compared with A2 treatment，grain number per panicle，1 000‑grain weight and yield of A1 treatment significantly decreased by 39.22%，9.49% and 24.67%，respectively.Compared with B1 treatment，grain number per panicle，1 000‑grain weight and yield of B2，B3 and B4 treatments increased，B4 treatment increased the most，and the yields of B2，B3 and B4 treatments significantly increased by 27.38%，30.97% and 31.55%，respectively.Compared with A2 treatment，the rice processing and nutritional quality of A1 treatment significantly reduced，the brown rice rate，polished rice，head rice rate and contents of protein and amylose decreased by 5.53%，6.23%，21.52%，5.84% and 3.25% respectively；the appearance quality and taste value of A1 treatment improved，the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree decreased by 91.47% and 91.09% respectively，and the taste value increased by 5.92%. Compared with B1 treatment，the chalky grain rate，chalkiness degree and protein content of B2，B3 and B4 treatments increased，the amylose content and taste value decreased. The interaction between soil type and nitrogen application rate significantly or extremely significantly affected yield，grain number per panicle，1 000‑grain quality，1 000‑grain weight of primary branch，secondary branch number and taste value.Under A1 treatment，compared with B1 treatment，the yields of B2，B3 and B4 treatments significantly increased by 54.85%，32.28% and 91.89%，and B4 treatment had the best yield performance，of which the grain number per panicle，1 000‑grain weight，1 000‑grain weight of primary branch and secondary branch number significantly increased by 19.39%，28.72%，20.83% and 38.58% respectively；the taste values of treatments B2，B3 and B4 decreased by 10.53%，10.50% and 4.56% respectively，B2 and B3 treatments reached the extremly significant levels. Under A2 treatment，the differences in yield and taste value among B1，B2，B3 and B4 treatments were not significant. In summary，on the basis of conventional nitrogen application，increasing tiller fertilizer，regulating fertilizer and ear fertilizer can increase the yield of rice in soda saline‑alkali soil，the effect of increasing ear fertilizer is the best，and increasing ear fertilizer doesn’t significantly decrease the taste value.

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation on Cadmium，Arsenic Accumulation and Physiological Characteristics of Flue‑cured Tobacco under Cadmium and Arsenic Stress

ZHANG Zhifang, HUO Zechun

2022, 51(2): 47-56. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.02.006

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To understand the physiological adaptation mechanism of mycorrhizalized tobacco plants to heavy metal stress，a pot experiment which took the flue‑cured tobacco Yuyan No. 7 as marerial，was carried out to study the physiological characteristics of tobacco affected by inoculating（AM） and uninoculating（NM）arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at different As and Cd levels（0，1，30 mg/kg），to explore the physiological mechanisms of microbial mitigation of Cd and As toxicity in flue‑cured tobacco，and provide some reference for safe production of flue‑cured tobacco.The results indicated that compared with CK（Cd=0 mg/kg and As=0 mg/kg），As stress had no effect on the infection and colonization of mycorrhizal fungi on tobacco plants，and Cd stress significantly reduced the infestation rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.With the intensification of Cd or As stress，shoot leaf area，photosynthetic parameters such as net photosynthetic rate（Pn），stomatal conductance（Gs），intercellular CO2 concentration（Ci），transpiration rate（Tr）and root morphological indexes such as total root length，root surface area and root volume of flue‑cured tobacco decreased in NM treatment，and the lowest was under 30 mg/kg stress，while the above indexes were improved by AM treatment.Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could effectively promote the synthesis of glutathione（GSH），the shoot and root antioxidant of tobacco under heavy metal stress，and reduce the accumulation of Cd and As in the aerial part and roots of flue‑cured tobacco，and the Cd content of shoot and root in AM treatment under 30 mg/kg Cd stress was reduced by 40.55% and 23.19%，and the As content under 30 mg/kg As was reduced by 20.94% and 78.50%，respectively，compared with NM treatment. In a nutshell，inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can improve the developmental metabolism of tobacco under Cd and As stress，regulate the synthesis and secretion of GSH，and thus reduce the accumulation of Cd and As in tobacco plants.

Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide on Plant Root Growth and Histone Deacetylase

PEI Xinxin, CHEN Hongyu, LI Xiao, LIU Huajie, LI Hua

2022, 51(2): 57-64. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.02.007

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Hydrogen sulfide（H₂S） regulates plant root growth.In order to further understand the correlation between H₂S regulation of plant taproot growth and epigenetic regulation，we treated Arabidopsis thaliana and wheat with different concentrations of exogenous NaHS（H₂S donor）.The effects of H2S on root length，histone deacetylases（HDACs） activity and related gene expression were investigated.The results showed that exogenous H₂S treatment could inhibit the growth of taproots，induce the activity of HDACs and regulate the expression of HDACs gene in Arabidopsis and wheat.In Arabidopsis thaliana，the expressions of AtHDA2，AtHDA7，AtHDA8 and AtHDA14 were inhibited by 50 μmol/L NaHS treatment，and the expressions of AtHDA5，AtHDA6，AtHDA19 and AtSRT1 were specifically induced by 150 μmol/L NaHS treatment. However，NaHS treatment had no significant effect on the expression of AtHDT1，AtHDT2，AtHDT3 and AtHDT4.In wheat，TaHDA9 and TaHDA19 were significantly induced by 100 μmol/L NaHS，and TaHDA20 was significantly up‑regulated by 200 μmol/L NaHS.However，TaHDA2，TaHDA6，TaHDA8，TaHDA18，TaSRT2，TaHDT1 and TaHDT2 were significantly down‑regulated under 100 and 200 μmol/L NaHS treatments.The expressions of TaHDA14 and TaHDT3 were inhibited by 50—400 μmol/L of NaHS.It was noteworthy that the expression of HDA2 in the HDACs family decreased first and then increased with the increase of H₂S concentration，and the expression of HDA19 increased first and then decreased with the increase of H₂S concentration in Arabidopsis and wheat.In conclusion，H₂S may mediate plant root growth by regulating the expression of HDACs genes.

Effects of Humic Acid on Soil Nutrients and Microbial Community Structure of Cucumber with Different Continuous Cropping Years in Greenhouse

SUN Shijun, LIU Qi, YE Yingjie, WEI Na, HAO Shuiyuan

2022, 51(2): 65-74. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.02.008

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With 4 years（T4）and 11 years（T11）soil of cucumber continuous cropping in greenhouse as test materials，the effects of humic acid on soil nutrients and microbial community of continuous cropping for different years were studied by adding 300 times solution of humic acid（300T4，300T11）and 600 times solution of humic acid（600T4，600T11）respectively. The results showed that after applying humic acid，the content of available phosphorus，available potassium，total nitrogen and organic matter increased and the pH value decreased in different continuous cropping years. Compared with T4 treatment，the Shannon index of bacteria in 600T4 treatment decreased significantly by 8.38%.Humic acid had no significant effect on α diversity of soil fungal communities in different years. At the taxonomic level of phylum，the ratio of dominant bacteria in 600T4 treatment was higher than that in T4 and 300T4 treatments，and was 2.00% and 1.96% higher respectively；The ratio of dominant strains in 600T11 treatment was also the highest in 11 years continuous cropping treatments. After adding humic acid in soil with continuous cropping for 4 years，the relative abundance of Ascomycota increased and Basidiomycota decreased. After adding humic acid in soil with continuous cropping for 11 years，the relative abundance of Ascomycota in 300T11 and 600T11 treatments decreased by 5.61% and 2.22% respectively compared with T11.The relative abundance of Basidiomycota，Zygomycota and Mortierellomycota in 300T11 treatment was the highest，and the relative abundance of Chytridiomycota in 600T11 treatment was higher than that in 300T11 and T11 treatments. At the genus classification level，300 fold solution of humic acid significantly increased the relative abundance of Chryseolinea and RB41 in bacteria；600 fold solution of humic acid significantly increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas and Altereythrobacter；In the treatments of continuous cropping for 11 years，the relative abundance of Mortierella and Coprinus were higher in 300 fold solution of humic acid，and the relative abundance of Pseudallescheria treated with humic acid 600 fold solution of humic acid was the highest. Redundancy analysis（RDA）showed that humic acid changed the community structure of soil bacteria and fungi after continuous cropping for 11years.

Variation Characteristics of Agricultural Climatic Resources in Area of Dabie Mountains in China from 1961 to 2020

WU Qiong, CHEN Xi, CAO Qiang, CHEN Yantao, YUE Wei

2022, 51(2): 75-85. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.02.009

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In order to further understand the variation characteristics of agricultural climatic resources in the area of Dabie Mountains in China under the background of climate warming，this paper analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of temperature growth period for crops，heat，precipitation，light and other climate resources in the Area of Dabie Mountains，based on the daily meteorological data at 35 meteorological stations in the Area of Dabie Mountains from 1961 to 2020，using the methods of climate tendency rate and Mann‑Kendall mutation test. The results showed that from 1961 to 2020，the temperature growth period for crops and accumulated temperature above 10 ℃ showed an extremely significant increasing trend （P<0.01），with an increase of 5.1 d/10 a and 70.7 （℃·d）/10 a respectively； the annual precipitation days and sunshine hours showed an extremely significant decreasing trend（P<0. 01），with a decrease of 2.4 d/10 a and 67.0 h/10 a respectively；the annual average relative humidity showed a significant decreasing trend（P<0.05），with a decrease of 0.4%/10 a.The trend of annual precipitation and dryness index was not obvious. In terms of spatial distribution，the temperature growth period for crops，accumulated temperature above 10 ℃ ，precipitation and precipitation days increased gradually from north to south，while the dryness decreased gradually from north to south，and the spatial differences of relative humidity and sunshine hours were not obvious.

Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Diversity of Healthy and Root Rot‑infected Tobacco Plants in Continuous Cropping Tobacco Field

AO Jincheng, ZHOU Guisu, LI Yongmei

2022, 51(2): 86-96. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.02.010

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In order to investigate the changes of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil of healthy and root rot‑infected tobacco plants in continuous cropping tobacco fields，with soil that was abandoned for more than two years as a control（CK），high‑throughput sequencing technology was used to compare and analyze rhizosphere soil microbial diversity of healthy（HT2，HT4，HT8）and diseased（ST2，ST4，ST8）plants in continuous cropping fields of 2，4 and 8 years and the effects of soil environmental factors on microbial community structure. The results showed that the relative abundance of dominant bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased plants increased by 9.2%—29.5% and 26.4%—29.8%，respectively in continuous cropping tobacco fields；the relative abundance of the dominant fungi decreased by 53.4%—65.7% and 19.0%—67.8%，respectively. Among them，the amplification of dominant bacteria relative abundance in Gemmatimonas，Frateuria，Gemmata were largest，and the relative abundance of dominant fungi decreased most in Penicillium.In addition to the decrease in the relative abundance of the pathogenic fungi Fusarium in the HT2 sample，the relative abundance of the pathogenic fungi Fusarium in the healthy plants（HT4 and HT8）and diseased plants samples increased significantly（123.4%—576.8%）.The bacterial community richness and diversity in the rhizosphere soil generally increased with the continuous cropping years，whilst the fungal community richness and diversity showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the continuous cropping years.The bacterial and fungal community compositions of rhizosphere soil were different among healthy plants and among diseased plants samples with different continuous cropping years. Soil available potassium content and pH value were the main chemical factors affecting the distribution of soil bacterial communities，with a contribution degree of 8.80% and 8.62%，respectively，available phosphorus content was the main chemical factor affecting the distribution of fungal communities，with a contribution degree of 11.64%.In conclusion，the richness of bacterial community，diversity and dominant population in rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping tobacco and tobacco infected with root rot disease increased，but the richness of dominant fungal population and the relative abundance of beneficial fungal flora decreased，while the relative abundance of pathogenic fungi increased. Reducing the duration of continuous cropping and timely removal of diseased tobacco plants are the key practices to solve the imbalance of microbial community structure in tobacco fields.

The Biocontrol Effect of Bacillus velezensis DPT‑03 on Sclerotium rolfsii in Peanut

PENG Qichao, HUANG Delong, ZHANG Zhipeng, WEI Hao, WU Shufeng, WU Yan, LI Jun, DENG Zuke, WANG Zongkang

2022, 51(2): 97-103. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.02.011

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In order to explore the comprehensive biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus velezensis DPT‑03 on Sclerotium rolfsii in peanut，the inhibitory effects of DPT‑03 bacterial suspension，sterile fermentation broth and volatile gas on hyphae and sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii were measured，and the effects of DPT‑03 on Sclerotium rolfsii and peanut yield were explored through pot and field experiments.The results showed that DPT‑03 suspension，sterile fermentation broth and volatile gas could inhibit the hyphae growth and sclerotia formation. Moreover，the inhibition effect of DPT‑03 suspension was better than that of sterile fermentation broth and volatile gas. The inhibition rate of DPT‑03 bacterial suspension on hyphae growth was 71.39% at 5 days，87.20% at 20 days and 88.51% on sclerotia formation at 30 days.Under potted conditions，DPT‑03 could significantly reduce the incidence rate and disease index of Sclerotium rolfsii.When inoculated with Sclerotium rolfsii，the control effect was still 62.50% at 60 days，and the control effect reached 61.83% at 90 days after sowing in the field experiment，and the pod yield increased by 13.88% compared with the blank control.In conclusion，Bacillus velezensis DPT‑03 can significantly inhibit the hyphae growth and sclerotia formation，reduce the incidence rate and severity of Sclerotium rolfsii and increase the yield of peanut，which has good application potential and high research value in biological control of Sclerotium rolfsii.

Comprehensive Evaluation on Transplanted Seedling Quality of Carya illinoensis Treated by Different Variety and Concentration of Rooting Agent

DU Yangwen, HUANG Faxin, DENG Xianzhen, ZOU Yingwu, XIE Xinguo, WANG Juxiang

2022, 51(2): 104-112. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.02.012

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With 3‑year‑old seedlings of Carya illinoensis as experimental materials，the growth indexessuch as survival rate，biomass and root traits were investigated under conditions of 50，100，200，300，400 mg/Lof 911，IBA and NAA. Moreover seedlings quality of different treatments was also evaluated by principal component analysis and membership function.The results showed that there was very significant difference in survival rate among treatments with different variety and different concentrations of rooting agents.The survival rates of treatments with lower concentration of rooting agents，911‑50，IBA‑50，911‑100 and IBA‑200 reached 96.30%，96.30%，92.59% and 92.59%.The 911‑400，IBA‑400，NAA‑400 treatments with higher concentration were only 55.56%，77.78% and 18.52%.Fresh quality and dry quality of above ground part，underground part，1‑year‑old branches and root‑crown ratio of transplanted seedlings with different treatments did not show significant difference，but the root length，root surface area，root volume and root diameter showed very significant difference. NAA‑200，911‑300，NAA‑300，911‑50 and IBA‑100 had better effect on root growth. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that when transplanted seedlings were soaked in 911‑300，IBA‑50，911‑50，911‑100，IBA‑100，911‑200 and IBA‑300 treatments with medium and low concentration for 12 h，it could significantly improve the surviv

Isolation and Identification of Functional Bacteria in Different Fermentation Stages of Pleurotus ostreatus

ZHANG Junjie, LI Shuo, CUI Xiao, WANG Nan, SONG Kaibo, LIU Qin, KONG Weili

2022, 51(2): 113-119. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.02.013

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In order to screen out dominant strains with promoting effect on the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus and inhibiting effect on Trichoderma from the fermentation material of Pleurotus ostreatus，a total of 94 strains of bacteria were isolated from the fermentation material of Pleurotus ostreatus in different periods.The isolated strains were screened for Pleurotus ostreatus promotion and Trichoderma inhibition，and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the effective strains was carried out. The results showed that 24 strains had a good growth promotion effect on Heiping 17，and the highest growth promotion rate of strain PC18 belonging to Pseudoxanthomonas was 38.97%.11 strains had a strong inhibitory effect on Trichoderma，and the highest inhibitory rate of PA6 was 30.43%.11 strains had a double effect.Among them，strains PA6，PA13，PA15 and PA17 could inhibit the growth of Trichoderma，promote the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus Heiping 17，and also have the ability to produce IAA. They were all identified as Brevibacillus genus.

Analysis on the Polymorphism and Tissue Expression of ANXA2 Gene in Pigs

LU Hong, LI Xindi, WANG Yu, LUOBU Baizhen, DUAN Mengqi, YE Yourong, ZHANG Jian, SHANG Peng

2022, 51(2): 120-126. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.02.014

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In order to explore the single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP）of Annexin A2（ANXA2）gene and its expression differences in tissues，180‑day‑old Tibetan pigs and Yorkshire pigs were used as experimental objects to detect the mRNA expression difference of ANXA2 gene in liver，abdominal fat and dorsal fat tissus，and the polymorphism of 5′flanking region of ANXA2 gene was analyzed. The results showed that four SNP sites were screened in the 5′flanking region of ANXA2 gene，g.111574291G>A，g.111574499C>T，g.111574522G>C and g.111574638A>G. There was a significant difference in allele frequency between Tibetan pigs and Yorkshire pigs（P<0. 05）.In liver tissue，the mRNA expression trend of ANXA2 gene in Tibetan pigs and Yorkshire pigs was basically the same；In abdominal fat and dorsal fat tissus，the mRNA expression of ANXA2 gene in Tibetan pigs was significantly lower than that in Yorkshire pigs（P<0. 01）.In conclusion，ANXA2 gene may be an important candidate gene for regulating fat deposition and fat metabolism.

Preparation and Identification of Specific Monoclonal Antibody against Chicken hnRNPAB Protein

LUO Jun, DANG Lu, ZHENG Luping, LIU Jinling, CHAI Shujun, ZHAO Dong, YANG Yanyan, TENG Man

2022, 51(2): 127-132. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.02.015

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In order to generate the specific monoclonal antibody（mAb）against chicken heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein AB（hnRNPAB） for its future function study，the recombinant prokaryotic expression plasmid pET‑30a‑hnRNPAB was constructed and transformed into E.coli BL21 competent cells for the IPTG‑induced protein expression.The soluble recombinant hnRNPAB protein was purified by Ni affinity chromatography resin and used as antigen to immunize Balb/c mice.Cell fusion technology was performed to develop the hybridomas. One mAb named as 5H5‑H1 against chicken hnRNPAB protein was screened by indirect enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay （iELISA）.The indirec timmunofluorescence assay（IFA）and Western blot analysis indicated that the 5H5‑H1 mAb specifically reacted to hnRNPAB protein expressed in chicken embryo fibroblast（CEF）.Furthermore，the IFA and indirect immunocytochemistry assay（ICA）demonstrated that in addition to chicken hnRNPAB protein，the mAb 5H5‑H1 also recognized the native hnRNPAB proteins expressed in five commonly usedmammalian cell lines derived from human，hamster，monkey，bovine and swine.

Expression Characteristics of AaHsp90 in Antheraea assama under Different Temperature and Starvation Stress

YANG Weike, LIU Zenghu, TANG Fenfen, HU Changxiong, DONG Zhanpeng

2022, 51(2): 133-138. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.02.016

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In order to investigate the influences of different temperature and starvation stress on the expression of AaHsp90 and reveal the molecular mechanism of adaptation to environment in Antheraea assama，with the normal feeding group at 26 ℃ as the control，the expression change of AaHsp90 was detected by real‑time PCR in midgut，fat body and hemlymph after high temperature stress at 38℃，low temperature stress at 4℃ and starvation stress respectively for different time on the third day of the fifth larvae.Results showed that the expressions of AaHsp90 in midgut，fat body and hemlymph of Antheraea assama were increased obviously at first and then decreased sharply with the prolongation of treatment time at 38℃.There has a certain inhibitory effect on the expression of AaHsp90 in midgut，fat body and hemolymph after tretment with 4℃ for different time. After treatment with starvation，the AaHsp90 expressions were increased at 12 h and 18 h and decreased sharply at 24 h in midgut，fat body and hemolymph of Antheraea assama.Comprehensive analysis showed that high temperature and starvation stress could induce the expression of AaHsp90，while low temperature stress mainly suppressed its expression. The AaHsp90 protein in Antheraea assama may play an important role in the process of adaptation to high temperature and starvation stress.

Expression of Cytochrome CYP17a1 in Different Developmental Phases of Gonad in Koi Carp（Cyprinus carpio）

SHI Dongjie, TAN Zheng, ZHANG Qiang, WU Shihong, WEI Dong, LI Wentong, WANG Saisai, SUN Yansheng, JIANG Jufeng

2022, 51(2): 139-146. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.02.017

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To explore the role of the CYP17a1 gene in different developmental stages of koi fish（Cyprinus carpio）gonads and its expression levels in different tissues，real‑time PCR and Western blot were used to analyze the expression of CYP17a1 mRNA and protein of 1—3 years old adult fish in different tissues at six stages（stageⅠ，stageⅡ，stageⅢ，stageⅣ，stageⅤ，stageⅥ）. Our results showed that the various rules of maturity index（GSI）of the gonads of 1—3 years old koi females and males at different stages were basically the same. Among them，the 3‑year‑old koi had the highest GSI value at stage V of gonad，but the ovarian GSI value was significantly higher than that of the testis.The CYP17a1 mRNA was expressed in the ovary，testis，brain，muscle and kidney，respectively. There were significant differences in the expression levels of each tissue（P<0. 05），which showed as testis>ovary>muscle>kidney>brain.The expression levels of the ovary and testis increased with age，but there was no significant age difference in brain，muscle，and kidney. The mean expression of the CYP17a1 gene in ovary and testis of 1—3 years old koi at six different developmental stages showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing，and the expression increased significantly with age. The expression level of testis Ⅰ of 3‑year‑old koi was the highest，which was 2. 75 times and 3.13 times the expression of stage Ⅲ and Ⅳof the same age koi，respectively. The Western blot test results showed that the expression level of the CYP17a1 protein was consistent with the expression level of mRNA.Our results indicate that the cytochrome CYP17a1 gene plays a

Effects of UAV Flight Height on Prediction Model of Plant Nitrogen Accumulation in Winter Wheat

JING Yuhang, GUO Yan, ZHANG Huifang, RONG Yasi, ZHANG Shaohua, FENG Wei, WANG Laigang, HE Jia, LIU Haijiao, ZHENG Guoqing

2022, 51(2): 147-158. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.02.018

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UAV has the advantage of obtaining crop information quickly，efficiently and non‑destructively，and is widely used in modern agriculture. However，the flight height of UAV directly affects the efficiency of obtaining crop information. In this study，UAV remote sensing images with different resolutions were obtained at the jointing，flowering and filling stages of winter wheat by setting flight altitudes of 30 m， 60 m and 90 m，to explore and analyze the impact of UAV flight altitude on the prediction model of winter wheat plant nitrogen accumulation. Firstly，six vegetation indices（NDVI，RDVI，RERDVI，GBNDVI，OSAVI，EXG）and four texture features（Green‑mean，Green‑sm，Red‑mean，Red‑var）were screened out by correlation and collinearity analysis between different height of vegetation indices，texture features and nitrogen accumulation of winter wheat. Based on the selected vegetation index and texture characteristics，the prediction models of nitrogen accumulation of winter wheat plant were established with vegetation index，texture feature and vegetation index+texture feature by using PLSR and BPNN methods，and the models were cross‑verified at different heights. The stability of the models was analyzed by R²，RMSE and RPD indices. The results showed that the prediction models established with vegetation index，texture feature and vegetation index+texture feature extracted from 30 m UAV images had the best stability by the two methods. The R²，RMSE and RPD ranges of the three models with different information were 0.57—0.89，1.27—4.16 g/m2 and 1.67—3.65，respectively. The stability of BPNN model constructed under the three kinds of modeling information was better than that of PLSR on the whole.The R² and RPD of the verification model were improved in the range of 0.01—0.39 and 0.05—1.44，respectively.RMSE decreased by 0.08—8.53 g/m².The order of stability of the prediction models for plant nitrogen accumulation was vegetation index+texture feature>vegetation index>texture feature. The vegetation index，texture feature and vegetation index+texture feature of remote sensing images from three UAV flight heights were combined to predict plant nitrogen accumulation，which could improve the estimation accuracy（R²，RMSE and RPD ranges were 0.89—0.93，1.80—2.03 g/m² and 3.54—4.03，respectively）.Therefore，when considering the efficiency and accuracy，the flight height of UAV should be increased appropriately for efficient nitrogen accumulation prediction with comprehensive utilization of vegetation index and texture feature.

Design of Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System for Flower Greenhouse Based on PLC and Kingview

LI Zonghao, YANG Jie, QIAN Suke

2022, 51(2): 159-168. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.02.019

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Aiming at the problem that the domestic temperature and humidity monitoring system based on PLC can not combine the real‑time self‑adaptive adjustment with the wireless communication monitoring without distance limitation，a monitoring system based on PLC controller is designed，which can carry out the real‑time self‑adaptive adjustment of temperature and humidity and complete the wireless communication monitoring without distance limitation at the same time.We designed the system composition block diagram，introduced the system working process and mode，according to the design requirements selected the hardwares，according to the control quantity allocated the I/O address of the PLC，according to the working mode designed the ladder diagram program，according to the control object designed configuration interface，according to MODBUS RTU protocol，by 4G DTU wireless communication module and COMWAY server realized remote communication.The experiment was conducted in two environments of laboratory and greenhouse.The laboratory environment was relatively simple and stable，and the system response was faster；the greenhouse environment was relatively complex，and the system response was relatively slow，but in the controllable range. The results showed that the temperature and humidity monitoring system under the premise of ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the sensor，could perform the three main functions of temperature and humidity detection and display，temperature and humidity adaptive adjustment and remote monitoring without distance limitation and run correctly，and could achieve the expected goal in different environments.

Changes of Volatile Components in Tobacco Curing Room during Flue‑curing

HUANG Tao, LEI Qiang, YU Shikang, HE Jixian, ZHANG Qili, XIE Liangwen, MU Mingxin, JING Yanqiu

2022, 51(2): 169-180. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.02.020

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In order to study the change of volatile components in curing room during tobacco curing process，the volatile components in curing room and tobacco leaves were detected by solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography‑mass spectrometry（SPME‑GC/MS），and the detected volatile components were analyzed. The results showed that 76 and 96 volatile components were detected in the curing room and tobacco leaves，respectively，and 19 volatile components were detected together.Nicotine and chlorophyl were the most volatile components in curing room and tobacco leaves，and the total proportions were 91.59% and 92.86%，respectively. The relative aroma activity values（ROAV）of nicotine and chlorophyl were 1 030.30 and 138.87，respectively in curing room.The nicotine content in the curing room had the same trend as that in the tobacco leaves，increasing first，then decreasing and gradually stabilizing，reaching the maximum value at the end of 42℃ and stabilizing at the end of 47—68℃. The content of chlorophyl in tobacco leaves increased firstly and then decreased during the curing process，and reached the maximum value at the end of 42℃.The content of chlorophyl in curing room increased gradually during the curing process，and stabilized at the end of 54— 68℃.The results of cluster analysis showed that the volatile components changed significantly from the beginning of baking to the end of 42℃ and tended to be stable at the end of 47— 68℃.

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