河南农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 47-56.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.02.006

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

移栽方式和揭膜时期对海南省雪茄烟田杂草控制效果和烟叶产质量的影响

高华军1,耿召良1,贺远2,蔡斌1,李方友1,林北森1,陈德鑫1,邵雨1,夏长剑1,向小华1,吕洪坤1
  

  1. (1.中国烟草总公司海南省公司海口雪茄研究所,海南 海口 571100;2.郑州轻工业大学烟草科学与工程学院,河南 郑州 450002)
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-15 出版日期:2023-02-15 发布日期:2023-04-03
  • 作者简介:高华军(1981-),男,河南淇县人,高级农艺师,硕士,主要从事烟草栽培生理研究。E-mail:gaohuajun_81@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国烟草总公司重大科技项目[110202101013(XJ-05)];中国烟草总公司海南省公司重点科技项目(2020001)

Effects of Different Transplanting Methods and Film Uncovering Periods on Weed Control in Tobacco Field,Yield and Quality of Cigar Leaves in Hainan Province

GAO Huajun1,GENG Zhaoliang1,HE Yuan2,CAI Bin1,LI Fangyou1,LIN Beisen1,CHEN Dexin1,SHAO Yu1,XIA Changjian1,XIANG Xiaohua1,LÜ Hongkun1   

  1. (1.Haikou Cigar Research Institute,Hainan Provincial Branch of CNTC,Haikou 571100,China;2.College of Tobacco Science and Engineering,Zhengzhou University of Light Industry,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
  • Received:2022-09-15 Published:2023-02-15 Online:2023-04-03

摘要: 为筛选适合热带地区的雪茄烟移栽方式和揭膜时期组合,采用大田试验,研究了不覆盖地膜(对照,T1)、膜下移栽+移栽后32 d揭膜(T2)、膜下移栽+全生育期不揭膜(T3)、膜上移栽+移栽后32 d揭膜(T4)、膜上移栽+全生育期不揭膜(T5)对雪茄烟田杂草发生及烟叶生长、产质量的影响。结果表明,覆膜能显著减少雪茄烟田杂草发生,烟叶采收结束时T3和T5处理杂草鲜质量较低,分别较T1处理减少14.32%、13.14%。各覆膜处理移栽后32 d雪茄烟农艺性状均优于T1处理,移栽后46 d仅以T5处理表现较优。T4、T5处理雪茄烟叶产量、茄衣产量及茄衣产出率均高于T1处理,其中T5处理烟叶产量、茄衣产量达到显著水平,增幅分别为23.34%、28.57%。覆膜处理烟叶外观质量指标总体优于T1处理,尤其是T5处理,其烟叶成熟度、组织结构、身份、油分等得分总体上均显著提高;同时,T5处理烟叶含梗率、叶质重、拉力、平衡含水率也优于T1处理。覆膜处理不同程度提高了烟叶钾含量,尤其是T5处理,其晾制和发酵后烟叶钾含量分别较T1处理显著提高18.49%、14.21%。各覆膜处理感官评吸得分均略有提高,以T5和T4处理综合感官质量得分提高较多。综合投入和产出,T3、T5处理地膜和用工投入较T1处理降低25.60%、28.27%,经济效益以T5处理最高,较T1处理增加24.40%。综合考虑,膜上移栽方式+全生育期不揭膜模式为海南省雪茄烟叶较优移栽方式和揭膜时间组合。

关键词: 雪茄, 产量, 质量, 膜上移栽, 膜下移栽, 移栽方式, 揭膜时期, 杂草

Abstract: In order to select the combination of transplanting method and film uncovering period of cigar in tropical areas,a field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different combination of transplanting methods and film uncovering periods[no mulching film(T1),transplanting under film+uncovering film at 32 days after transplanting(T2),transplanting under film+no film uncovering in the whole growing period(T3),transplanting on film+uncovering film at 32 days after transplanting(T4),transplanting on film + no film uncovering in the whole growing period(T5)]on weed control in tobacco field,growth,yield and quality of cigar leaves.The results showed that mulching could significantly reduce the occurrence of weeds in tobacco field,and the weed fresh weights of T3 and T5 treatments were lower,which reduced by 14.32% and 13.14% respectively compared with T1 treatment at the end of cigar leaf harvest. The agronomic characters of cigar of all film mulching treatments were better than T1 treatment at 32 days after transplanting,and only T5 treatment was better at 46 days after transplanting.The yield of cigar leaf,yield and output rate of cigar wrapper tobacco of T4 and T5 treatments were higher than T1 treatment,and the yields of cigar leaf and cigar wrapper tobacco of T5 treatment significantly increased by 23.34% and 28.57% respectively.The appearance quality of tobacco of film mulchin treatments was better than that of T1 treatment,especially T5 treatment,the maturity,blade structure,status,oil content of tobacco of T5 treatment were generally significantly improved,and the stem ratio,leaf special weight,pull and equilibrium moisture content of tobacco of T5 treatment were also better than those of T1 treatment. The potassium content of tobacco of film mulching treatments was increased,especially T5 treatment,the potassium content of tobacco of T5 treatment significantly increased by 18.49% and 14.21% respectively compared with T1 treatment after air‑curing and fermentation.The sensory evaluation scores of all mulching treatments were slightly improved,and the comprehensive sensory quality scores of T5 and T4 treatments were much improved. By comprehensive consideration of input and output,the film mulching and labor input of T3 and T5 treatments significantly decreased by 25.60% and 28.27% compared with T1 treatment respectively.T5 treatment had the highest economic benefit of tobacco leaf,which increased by 24.40% compared with T1 treatment.In general,the better combination of transplanting method and film uncovering time of Hainan cigar is transplanting on film+no film uncovering in the whole growing period.

Key words: Cigar, Yield, Quality, Transplanting on film, Transplanting under film, Transplanting method, Film uncovering period, Weed

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