河南农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 46-55.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.005

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

保水剂对豫西南半湿润区雪茄烟田耕层土壤理化性质及烟株生长发育的影响

马宇1,王硕立2,赵曦3,侯冰清4,薛子钟5,张扬6,习红昂1,程玉渊1,时向东2,邢雪霞1
  

  1. (1.南阳市烟草公司,河南 南阳 473003;2.河南农业大学烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室,河南 郑州 450046;3.南阳市烟草公司西峡县公司,河南 西峡 474599;4. 山东中烟工业有限责任公司,山东 济南 250100;5.南阳市烟草公司邓州市公司,河南 邓州 474150;6. 南阳市烟草公司内乡县公司,河南 内乡 474350)
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-02 出版日期:2024-02-15 发布日期:2024-03-19
  • 通讯作者: 邢雪霞(1988-),女,河南舞钢人,农艺师,博士,主要从事烟草遗传育种和栽培研究。E-mail:nyyyshch@126.com
  • 作者简介:马宇(1977-),男,河南邓州人,农艺师,本科,主要从事烟草农业技术研究和推广工作。E-mail:mayu1977@126.com

Effects of Water⁃retaining Agent on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Topsoil and the Growth and Development of Tobacco Plants in Cigar Tobacco Field in the Semi⁃humid Area of Southwest Henan

MA Yu1,WANG Shuoli2,ZHAO Xi3,HOU Bingqing4,XUE Zizhong5,ZHANG Yang6,XI Hongang1,CHENG Yuyuan1,SHI Xiangdong2,XING Xuexia1   

  1. (1.Nanyang Tobacco Company,Nanyang 473003,China;2. Tobacco Cultivation Key Laboratory of Tobacco Industry,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;3. Xixia County Company of Nanyang Tobacco Company,Xixia 474599,China;4. Shandong Tobacco Industrial Co. ,Ltd. ,Ji’nan 250100,China;5. Dengzhou City Company of Nanyang Tobacco Company,Dengzhou 474150,China;6. Neixiang County Company of Nanyang Tobacco Company,Neixiang 474350,China)
  • Received:2023-05-02 Published:2024-02-15 Online:2024-03-19

摘要: 研究不同用量保水剂在豫西南雪茄烟生产中的实际应用效果,为在半湿润区种植雪茄烟、提高国产雪茄原料品质提供理论依据和技术参考。以雪茄烟品种哈伯纳斯为供试材料,研究不同用量保水剂(CK:0 g/株;T1:2 g/株;T2:4 g/株;T3:6 g/株)对雪茄烟田耕层土壤理化性质以及烟株生长发育的影响。结果表明,施用保水剂能够显著提升耕层土壤体积含水率,降低土壤电导率,提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量。施用保水剂增加了雪茄烟的株高、茎围、叶片数,促进烟叶开片,提高烟株干物质积累量,与其他处理相比,T2处理更有利于改善烟株农艺性状,促进干物质积累。随着保水剂用量的增加,烟株农艺性状和干物质积累出现先增加后下降的趋势。保水剂的施用能提高雪茄烟氮素积累总量,与CK相比,各处理提高7.69%~44.65%,同时也使烟叶氮素积累分配占比提高2.46%~13.47%。施用保水剂使雪茄烟株氮肥吸收效率提高8.27%~30.45%。综上,施用保水剂可以改善雪茄烟田耕层土壤理化性质,缓解半湿润区种植雪茄烟土壤水分不足时的不利影响,提高雪茄烟干物质积累及氮肥吸收效率。在豫西南种植雪茄烟时,保水剂施用量为4 g/株时效果最优。

关键词: 雪茄烟, 保水剂, 土壤理化性质, 生长发育, 氮素

Abstract: The practical application effect of different dosage of water⁃retaining agent in the production of cigar leaves in southwest Henan was studied,with a view to providing theoretical basis and technical reference for planting cigar tobacco in semi⁃humid areas and improving the quality of domestic cigar raw materials. Using the cigar tobacco variety Habanos as the test material,we studied the effects of different dosages of water⁃retaining agent(CK:0 g/plant;T1:2 g/plant;T2:4 g/plant;T3:6 g/plant)on the physical and chemical properties of topsoil in cigar tobacco fields and the growth and development of cigar tobacco plants. The results indicated that applying water⁃retaining agent could significantly improve the volumetric moisture content of topsoil,reduce soil conductivity,improve soil organic matter,alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium content. The application of water⁃retaining agent increased the plant height,stem girth,and leaf number of cigar tobacco,promoted leaves opening,improved the accumulation of dry matter in cigar tobacco plants. Compared with other treatments,T2 treatment was more conducive to improving the agronomic traits of cigar tobacco plants and promoting dry matter accumulation. With the increase of water⁃retaining agent dosage,the agronomic traits and dry matter accumulation of cigar tobacco plants showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.The application of water⁃retaining agent could increase the total nitrogen accumulation in cigar tobacco,compared with CK,each treatment increased by 7.69% to 44.65%,at the same time,it also increased the proportion of nitrogen accumulation and distribution in cigar tobacco leaves by 2.46% to 13.47%. The application of water⁃retaining agent increased the nitrogen absorption efficiency of cigar tobacco by 8.27%—30.45%. In summary,the application of water⁃retaining agent can improve the physical and chemical properties of topsoil in cigar tobacco fields,alleviate the adverse effects of insufficient soil moisture when planting cigar tobacco in semi⁃humid areas and improve the dry matter accumulation and nitrogen absorption efficiency of cigar tobacco. When planting cigar tobacco in southwestern Henan,the best effect is achieved when the application rate of water⁃retaining agent is 4 g/plant.

Key words: Cigar tobacco, Water?retaining agent, Physical and chemical properties of soil, Growth and development, Nitrogen

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