Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

Contents

2020, 49(3): 0.

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Research Progress on the Role of Melatonin in Male Animal Reproduction

SHEN Yanchao, ZHANG Zijing, YANG Guofeng, ZHANG Shikun, WANG Eryao, WANG Yinggang, HUANG Yongzhen, WANG Xianwei, BAI Xianxiao, XU Zhaoxue, WANG Sanhu, ZHANG Wei

2020, 49(3): 1-7. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.001

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Melatonin is widely distributed in animals and extensively involved in many physiological processes.It plays an important role in the reproductive process of male animals.The molecular structure of melatonin and its functional characteristics,the biological role of melatonin in the reproductive function of male animals and its possible mechanism were reviewed,in order to provide references for the widespread use of melatonin in production practice of animal husbandry.

Effects of Time and Pattern of Deep Tillage on Topsoil Nutrient Content,Yield of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize in Lime Concretion Black Soil

LIU Weiling, CHENG Sixian, LI Na, WU Jian, YANG Li, LI Chaohai, ZHAO Yali

2020, 49(3): 8-16. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.002

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The object of the study was to identify the suitable tillage system in lime concretion black soil,and provide basis for the improvement of the soil fertility and continuous increase of crop yield in lime concretion black soil.Five treatments,namely,rotary tillage in autumn+no-tillage in summer(ART+SNT,CK),subsoiling in autumn+no-tillage in summer(ASS+SNT),deep mouldboard ploughing in autumn+no-tillage in summer(ADMP +SNT),deep mouldboard ploughing in autumn and sublevel subsoiling in summer(ADMP+SSSS),deep mouldboard ploughing in autumn and lateral subsoiling in summer(ADMP+SSSL),were carried out to investigate the effects of time and pattern of deep tillage on the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,and yield of winter wheat and summer maize.The results showed that deep tillage increased the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in 15—40 cm soil layer,thus increased winter wheat and summer maize yields,and the effects in winter wheat growth period were bigger than those in summer maize growth period.The improvement effects of deep tillage on soil nutrient content and crop yield in autumn combined with subsoiling in summer were better than those of single deep tillage in autumn. Compared with the single deep tillage treatment in autumn,the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium of deep tillage in autumn combined with subsoiling in summer increased by 10.5%,6.6%,12.3% and 6.0% in 15—40 cm soil layer respectively,and winter wheat-summer maize yield increased by 3.6%.In the five treatments,ADMP+SSSL treatment had the best improvement effect on soil nutrient content,and the highest yield. The contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen and available phosphorus and available potassium in 15—40 cm soil layer and winter wheatsummer maize yield of ADMP+SSSL treatment increased by 7.9%,9.5%,38.8%,7.9% and 2.9%,respectively,compared with ADMP+SNT treatment,and by 28.2%,30.9%,217.7%,20.4% and 17.3% respectively,compared with ART+SNT treatment. The improvement of soil nutrient content and crop yield of ADMP+SSSL treatment was the best in the five treatments,which was the suitable time and pattern of deep tillage in lime concretion black soil.

Effects of Nutrient Allocation on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Wheat and Maize under Different Irrigation Methods

PAN Xiaoying, WU Jicheng, YANG Yonghui, GAO Cuimin, ZHANG Jiemei, WANG Yue, HE Fang

2020, 49(3): 17-23. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.003

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order to explore the best allocation of nutrient and water for wheat and maize,the effects of nutrient allocation[bottom application of N₃₄P₆K₈ 750 kg/ha(T1),bottom application of N₃₄P₆K₈ 750 kg/ha+topdressing pure nitrogen 75 kg/ha(T2),bottom application of N₂₈P₁₅K₅ 750 kg/ha(T3),bottom application of N28 P15 K5 750 kg/ ha + topdressing pure nitrogen 75 kg/ ha ( T4), bottom application of controlled-release fertilizer 600 kg/ ha(T5),bottom application of controlled-release fertilizer 600 kg/ha+topdressing pure nitrogen 75 kg/ha(T6),bottom application of N₂₈P₁₅K₅ 375 kg/ha+bottom application of controlled-release fertilizer 300 kg/ha(T7),bottom application of N₂₈P₁₅K₅ 375 kg/ha+bottom application of controlled-release fertilizer 300 kg/ha+topdressing pure nitrogen 75 kg/ha(T8)] on the annual yield and water use of wheat and maize were studied under different irrigation modes.The results showed that compared with the earthworm irrigation,mobile sprinkler irrigation and sprinkler irrigation could increase the plant height,spike length,spikelet number,grain number and 1 000-grain weight of wheat and maize;the wheat,maize and wheat-maize annual yields of sprinkler irrigation treatment increased by 1.64%—14.04%,1.40%—6.89% and 3.94%—10.07%,mobile sprinkler irrigation treatment increased by1.37%—12.88%,6.81%—16.47% and 6.71%—11.21%; irrigation use efficiency of wheat,maize and wheat-maize of sprinkler irrigation treatment increased by 0.26—2.03,0.19—0.90 kg/m³ and 0.57—1.27 kg/m³,and mobile irrigation treatment increased by 0.21—1.96,0.82—2.08 kg/m³ and 0.91—1.63 kg/m³;yields of wheat of T8 treatment were higher than those of other treatments under sprinkler irrigation and mobile sprinkler irrigation,maize and wheat-maize annual yields of T8 treatment were higher than those of other treatments under three irrigation methods. Overall,T8 treatment was the best under mobile sprinkler irrigation.

Effects of Long-term Ridge Mulching on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize in Dryland

LI Junhong, SHAO Yunhui, LIU Rui, DING Zhiqing, LI Wu, ZHANG Jie, LÜ Junjie, YAO Yuqing

2020, 49(3): 24-31. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.004

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The effects of long-term ridge mulching on the yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat and summer maize in dryland were studied by long-term positioning experiment, so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the selection of high-efficiency farming measures in dryland.The results showed that compared with the traditional tillage treatment,long-term ridge mulching was beneficial to improvement of the grain number per ear and 1 000-grain weight of winter wheat and summer maize,but the effect on ear number of winter wheat and summer maize was not significant; the annual yield of winter wheat and summer maize in dryland increased significantly or extremely significantly under long-term ridge mulching in different precipitation years,with an average increase of 17.0%.For winter wheat,the average yield of long-term ridge mulching treatment was 7.4% higher than that of traditional tillage treatment,and the increasing effect was as follows:less water year>normal water year>wet year,while in extremely dry year,ridge mulching showed obvious yield reducing effect,with decrease of 8.9%;in different precipitation years,the yield of summer maize of ridge mulching treatment was significantly higher than that of traditional tillage treatment, with an average increase of 24.4%.The water use efficiencies of winter wheat,summer maize and annual average were 14.8,23.7 and 19.6 kg/(ha·mm)under ridge mulching in different precipitation years, respectively, which significantly increased by 6.99%,32.82% and 22.2% compared with the traditional tillage treatment.In conclusion,long-term location ridge mulching had better increase effect of yield on summer maize compared with winter wheat in different precipitation years.

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Combined with Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth,Yield and Quality of Potato

LIU Shuancheng

2020, 49(3): 32-39. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.005

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In order to improve yield and quality of potato and reduce the adverse effects of excessive use of inorganic fertilizer on environment,the field experiment was carried out to study the effects of organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer on growth, yield and quality.The experiment included the following four treatments: inorganic fertilizer(CK),organic nitrogen ∶inorganic nitrogen=2∶8( T1),organic nitrogen ∶ inorganic nitrogen=3∶7(T2),organic nitrogen ∶ inorganic nitrogen=4∶6(T3).The results showed that organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer could increase agronomic traits indexes,chlorophyll content,dry root weight,yield and quality of potato.The indexes of agronomic traits of T1 treatment were significantly higher than those of CK and T3 treatment(except for main stems number),and there was no significant difference between T1 and T2 treatments.The dry root weight of T2 treatment was the highest in each period. The yield of T2 treatment was the highest,which was 31 572 kg/ha,increased by 22.08% compared with CK.The starch content of T3 treatment was the highest;contents of soluble protein,vitamin C of T2 treatment were the highest;reducing sugar content of T1 treatment was
the highest.Overall,organic nitrogen replacing 20%—30% of inorganic nitrogen was appropriate.

Effect of Sulphur on Physiological,Growth and Development Characteristics of Flue-cured Tobacco

HAN Huige, GUO Fangyang, WU Zhaohui, LIU Qiaozhen, YAN Xiaomao, ZU Jianmin, LIANG Tao, GE Meng, GAO Yuan

2020, 49(3): 40-46. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.006

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Tobacco planting area with medium sulphur content(27.04 mg/kg) was selected,and by controlling the amount of sulfur fertilizer application(24 kg/ha,48 kg/ha,96 kg/ha,144 kg/ ha and 192 kg/ha),we studied the effect of sulphur on physiological characteristics and growth and development characteristics in budding stage.The results showed that,when the amount of sulfur fertilizer application increased in the range of 24—144 kg/ha,there was no significant change in the photosynthetic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco leaves, however, when the sulfur fertilizer application amount exceeded 144 kg/ha, the leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, water use efficiency and net photosynthetic rate all decreased significantly.When the amount of sulfur fertilizer application increased in the range of 24—96 kg/ha,the root sulphur concentration and leaf N balance index increased by 48.0% and 26.0%,but when the sulfur fertilizer application amount exceeded 96 kg/ha,both the root sulphur concentration and the leaf N balance index decreased.When the sulfur fertilizer application amount increased in the range of 24—192 kg/ ha,the sulphur concentration of upper,middle and lower leaves increased by 22.7%,25.0% and 46.2% respectively,the maximum leaf length and leaf width increased by 6.4% and 15.5% respectively,and the density of upper and middle leaves increased by 12.8% and 21.2% respectively,the biomass of stems and roots decreased by 26.3% and 20.2% respectively,and the ratio of stem to leaf decreased by 20.3%,but the ratio of aboveground and underground biomass did not change significantly.Appropriate sulfur fertilizer application amount could increase the single leaf weight of flue-cured tobacco leaves,and that of upper leaves increased significantly(by up to 23.0%),but too much sulfur fertilizer decreased the single leaf weight,and that of lower leaves decreased significantly.These results indicate that,when the soil available sulfur content is moderate,the effects of sulfur fertilizer application increase on the physiological characteristics and growth and development of flue-cured tobacco differ.Taking into account all the above indicators,the sulfur fertilizer application amount of 48—144 kg/ha is favorable for the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco,when the yield of the middle and upper tobacco leaves is higher, leaf density is moderate and the growth and development relevant characteristics are also better.The local sulfur fertilizer application amount of 144.9 kg/ha reaches the
upper limit of the optimum sulfur application rate,so the local sulfur fertilizer application amount could be reduced.

Effects of Different Reagents and Temperature on Removing Seed Dormancy of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis

WANG Jiawei, WANG Hualei, ZHAO Zhi, LIU Hongchang, LUO Chunli, CHEN Songshu

2020, 49(3): 47-53. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.007

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The effects of different concentrations of gibberellin(GA),fluridone(FL) to soak the seeds and different stratification temperature on seed germination and embryo rate of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis were studied respectivly to screen the best way to revive the seed of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis.The results showed that GA treatment alone,GA+FL combination and sand storage at constant temperature of 20℃ could effectively break the dormancy of the seeds.Among them,the best germination was at 300 mg/L with GA treatment alone, and the germination rate and germination potential were 79.00% and 54.33% respectively.The highest germination rate was 81.33% with GA+FL combination(300 mg/L GA+10 mg/L FL),and the highest germination potential was 54.33% with 300 mg/L GA+0 mg/L FL,and the rotten seed rate was 4.33% with 200 mg/L GA+10 mg/L FL.The seed embryo rate of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis increased fastest under constant temperature of 20 ℃ in different temperatures with sand storage.By all accounts of the seeds germination of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis,the effects of GA+FL combination and constant temperature of 20℃ sand storage were better than other treatments.That is to say,300 mg/L GA+10 mg/L FL is the optimal seed soaking combination,and constant temperature of 20℃ is optimal for sand storage.

Effects of Soil Amendment on Quality,Disease and Soil Enzyme Activity of Continuous Cropping Atractylodes macrocephala

TANG Le, CAO Guofan, LI Jinling, LONG Ou, HUANG Tianzhong, ZHOU Fang

2020, 49(3): 54-62. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.008

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In order to screen soil amendments that effectively alleviate the obstacle of Atractylodes macrocephala continuous cropping, quicklime (A) and humic acid granule fertilizer (B) were used as soil amendment and three levels were set respectively.A two-factor random block design was used,and the treatment without soil amendment(A1 B1 treatment) was used as the control,to study the effects of soil amendments on the quality,yield,disease and soil enzyme activity of Atractylodes macrocephala.The results showed that the application of soil amendment could effectively reduce the southern blight and root rot of Atractylodes macrocephala,and improve the seedling rate,yield and quality of Atractylodes macrocephala.Soil amendment could increase soil S-ACP activity,and it had regulation effect on soil S-UE,S-PPO and S-SC activities.The results of correlation analysis showed that the higher activities of S-UEand S-PPO in soil were not conducive to the formation of quality and yield of Atractylodes macrocephala.The higher the activity of S-ACP in soil,the more beneficial to reduce the incidence of Atractylodes macrocephala disease,to improve the seedling rate of Atractylodes macrocephala,and to form the quality and yield of Atractylodes macrocephala.At 60—150 days after transplant,the change of the incidence of southern blight and root rot of Atractylodes macrocephala in A2 B2 treatment(quicklime 300 kg/ha,humic acid granule fertilizer 300 kg/ha) was more stable than other treatments. At 150 days after transplant,the incidences of southern blight and root rot of Atractylodes macrocephala were 61.97% and 91.67% lower than that of A1 B1 treatment,respectively.The average value of soil S-UE activity was the lowest,and the average value of soil S-ACP activity,the seedling rate of Atractylodes macrocephala,the content of leaching substance and yield were the highest.The yield increased by 361.33% compared with A1 B1 treatment.In summary,adding quicklime(300 kg/ha) and humic acid granule fertilizer(300 kg/ha) in the soil of continuous planting of Atractylodes macrocephala for one year can effectively regulate the soil enzyme activity,reduce the incidence of disease of Atractylodes macrocephala,and improve the seedling rate,quality and yield of Atractylodes macrocephala.

Effects of Soaking Seeds with Salicylic Acid on Seed Germination and Drought Resistance of Dracocephalum tanguticum

LU Yazhou, LI Ning, ZHANG Erhao, YIN Xiu, ZHAO Kentian, LAN Xiaozhong

2020, 49(3): 63-69. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.009

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In order to investigate the effects of exogenous salicylic acid on germination and drought stress of Dracocephalum tanguticum,different concentrations of SA(0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8 mmol/L) were used to soak the seeds of D.tanguticum,and then the seed germination and seedling physiological characteristics of D.tanguticum were studied under 20% PEG-6000 simulated drought stress.The results showed that 0.6 mmol/L SA had the best effect on germination by soaking seed,the germination rate,germination energy,germination exponent and vigor index were increased by 34.82%,34.42%,34.87% and 54.86% respectively compared with CK;Under drought stress,the exogenous SA increased the content of proline and decreased the malondialdehyde content at the concentration of 0.6 mmol/L,however,the chlorophyll and soluble protein contents were similar compared with CK.In conclusion,exogenous SA could improve the seed germination by promoting germination energy,germination exponent and vigor index,and increase the ability of D.tanguticum to resist drought stress by enhancing the ability of plants to resist osmotic stress,reducing the cell membrane damage,and 0. 6 mmol/L SA soaking for 24 h was the best.

Spatial Variability of Soil Nutrient and Salt Contents in Saline-alkali Land soil

JIANG Youjin, ZHANG Songlin, LIU Yang

2020, 49(3): 70-78. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.010

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In order to study the correlation between soil nutrients and salinity contents in saline-alkali farmland,spatial autocorrelation,semi-variogram and Kriging interpolation methods were used to analyze the organic matter,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,and salinity contents of saline-alkali arable land of Jiuquan City,and the spatial variability of their contents and its influencing factors were analyzed. The results showed that,the average contents of soil alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium were 64.30,15.50,121.40 mg/kg respectively,and organic matter and salt contents were 12.80, 7.49 g/kg, respectively.The spatial variation coefficients of nutrient and salinity contents were both moderate variation. Spatial variability analysis found that the nugget coefficients of the five soil factors in the study area were all less than 0.25,which indicated that they were mainly affected by structural factors such as terrain,parent material and vegetation coverage.The contents of organic matter,alkaline nitrogen,and available potassium in saline-alkali arable soil were higher in south of the study area than those in the north,while the available phosphorus and salinity contents alternated from east to west in high and low cycles.The correlation analysis showed that the contents of organic matter,alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen and salinity in saline soil were extremely significantly negatively correlated(P<0.01),but the content of available phosphorus was significantly positively correlated with salinity content(P<0.05).This indicates that soil nutrient content affects soil salinity content to a certain extent.

Potential and Safety Evaluation of Agricultural Organic Waste Resources Utilization

YU Gao, CHEN Fen, XIE Yinghe, HOU Jianwei, TAN Jiebin

2020, 49(3): 79-87. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.011

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In order to understand the potential of resources utilization of different agricultural organic wastes,taking Guizhou local corn straw,flue-cured tobacco straw,rice straw,sawdust,corncob powder,traditional Chinese medicine residue,pig manure,cattle manure,chicken manure as the research objectives,the physicochemical properties and safety utilization evaluation of the decomposed and high-temperature carbonized agricultural organic wastes were studied,and the utilization potential of matrization,fertilization and pyrolysis biochar was analyzed.The results showed that,after decomposted,the bulk density of each organic material was 0.24—0.38 g/cm³.The content of organic carbon was 37.67%—55.94%.The conductivities(EC values) of Chinese medicine residue,pig manure,cow manure and chicken manure were47.62%—190.48% higher than that of peat.The germination index of ryegrass using decomposed corn straw,rice straw,corncob powder and cow manure was between 0.81 and 0.98,which was close to peat.Except corncob powder,the comprehensive pollution index of heavy metals in other organic materials was lower than 0.7.After pyrolysis under low oxygen and high temperature,the organic carbon content of biochar was 30.52%—48.98%,the pH value was 8.75—11.56,and the specific surface area was 13.36—102.16 m²/g.In conclusion, after decomposted, organic materials have good aeration structure, water holding capacity and abundant mineral nutrition. Through scientific proportioning,they have the potential to become high-quality cultivation matrix and organic fertilizer raw materials. Biochar after low oxygen and high temperature pyrolysis has rich nutrients and large specific surface area,which has the potential to become soil improver,heavy metal passivator and organic fertilizer auxiliary materials.

Screening and Colonization Characteristics of Efficient Endophytic Antifungal Bacteria against Botrytis cinerea

GAO Zhenfeng, LI Na, ZHANG Xiaoyu, HAN Jucai

2020, 49(3): 88-100. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.012

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In order to screen out highly effective antifungal bacterium,which can be well colonized in the rhizosphere,root and leaf of tomato and has good control effect on tomato gray mold,the methods of plate screening,field screening,rifampicin resistance marker,morphological identification,physiological and biochemical identification,16S rRNA,gyrA and gyrB identification were used to screen and study the colonization characteristics and taxonomic status of highly efficient antifungal bacteria against Botrytis cinerea.The results showed that among 58 strains,strain ZSY-1 had more significantly antifungal activity against B.cinerea than other strains and had more than 75% antifungal activity against B.cinerea in indoor and field trials.Although the colonization characteristics of strain FG-6 in tomato rhizosphere (1.76×10⁶cfu/g),root system(1.54×10⁶cfu/g)and leaf(0.87×10⁶cfu/g) were significantly better than strain ZSY-1(rhizosphere:1.67×10⁶cfu/g;root system:1.46×10⁶cfu/g;leaf:0.64×10⁶cfu/g),but its field control effect was only about 30%,which was significantly lower than strain ZSY-1. Strain ZSY-1 was identified as Bacillus velezensis based on morphology,physiological and biochemical characteristics,16S rRNA,gyrA,and gyrB genes.The above results determined that strain ZSY-1 might be an excellent candidate strain against B.cinerea for the development of biological agents.

QTL Mapping of Seed Internal Fusarium verticillioides Resistance in Maize

MA Peipei, ZHOU Zijian, HE Kewei, SONG Yunxia, WU Jianyu

2020, 49(3): 101-106. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.013

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In order to explore the seed internal resistance of maize to Fusarium verticillioides, RIL populations constructed from disease resistant inbred line BT-1 and susceptible inbred line N6 were used and phenotypes were surveyed in four environments to identify resistance QTLs.The results showed that 6 QTLs were located on chromosomes 1,3,4,9 and 10,with phenotypic contribution rate from 1.32% to 7.62%.The resistance QTL qSIR3-1 derived from BT-1 with the greatest contribution rate was located on chromosome 3, which could explain 7.62% of phenotypic variance.One of six identified QTLs was consistent with seed external resistance,showing that the internal resistance of seeds to F.verticillioides differed from other tissue resistance with some conservative mechanism.

Effect of Different Potassium Supply on the Aphid Resistance of Potato

YAO Lingbai, XU Songhe, GUO Meilan, WANG Jing, REN Qin

2020, 49(3): 107-112. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.014

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Using the two cultivars(Kexin No. 1 and Feiwuruita)of potato,as the experimental material,the interaction between peach aphid and potato was studied under applying potassium condition.The tendency of peach aphid to potassium application and control plants was determined by using the Y-type olfactometer.The results showed that the trend rate of aphid to Feiwuruita was 26% for potassium application and 71% for control plants and that of Kexin No. 1 was 30% and 64%,respectively.Based on the study above,the main volatile content of two potato cultivars was studied by TCT-GC-MS technique under different potassium application conditions. The results indicated that there were four main compounds including in 3-arene,benzaldehyde,limonene and 1,3-cyclohexadiene varying greatly in the two potato cultivars.The four kinds of volatiles contents were significantly higher than those of the control at the dose of 6 g/plant potassium sulphate in the leaves of Kexin No.1,and limonene content was the highest,reaching 2.5 times of the control. However,only benzaldehyde content in Feiwuruita plants was significantly higher than that in the control.The content of jasmonic acid and activity of lipoxygenase(LOX) in potato were determined by liquid-mass technique and colorimetry respectively.It was found that the jasmonic acid content of Kexin No.1 leaves was 0.93 times higher than the control,and LOX enzyme activity was 0.4 times higher after 6 g/plant potassium application.iTRAQ further demonstrated that 6 g/plant potassium application increased the protein expression of LOX.Overall,6 g/plant application of potassium is the optimal amount of potassium fertilizer for the aphid resistance of potato.

Preliminary Screening of Low Potassium Tolerant Genotypes in Muskmelon Seedling Stage

KANG Liyun, CHANG Gaozheng, MA Zhenghua, LI Xiaohui, GAO Ningning, LIANG Shen, XU Xiaoli, LI Hailun, WANG Huiying, ZHAO Weixing

2020, 49(3): 113-120. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.015

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To screen the varieties(lines) of muskmelon with low potassium tolerance and explore the potential of muskmelon to absorb and utilize potassium by itself,45 different genotypes were collected from Henan main cultivars,and the differences and correlation of the main agronomic characters of muskmelon in seedling stage were analyzed with hole tray and substrate cultivation in phytotron(The suitable and low potassium concentrations were 2.50 mmol/L and 0.01 mmol/L,respectively),to select muskmelon varieties(lines)with low potassium tolerance by principal component analysis and membership function method.The results showed that the variation coefficients of 11 agronomic traits of 45 cultivars(lines) were large under the conditions of suitable potassium and low potassium, and all the variation coefficients reached more than 10.0%,except for SPAD value and stem diameter at the level of suitable potassium.The principal component analysis method reduced the dimension of the original 11 agronomic characters and extracted 3 principal components,reflecting 62.338% of the original information.The load values of K accumulation,plant height,plant biomass,total root absorption area and root volume were higher in the first principal component, SPAD value and leaf area were higher in the second principal component, and stem size,root activity and K utilization index were higher in the third principal component. 45 melon varieties(lines) were divided into four types by clustering analysis method,typeⅠhad resistance to low potassium,type Ⅱ had medium resistance to low potassium and type Ⅲ was weakly sensitive varieties(lines) to low potassium,type Ⅳ was low potassium sensitive varieties(lines).17 varieties(lines)with low potassium tolerance were preliminarily screened,such as Jangjunyu,Jinxiu,Xuemi,IVF168,Fengmi 29,Yinmi 58 and so on.T120 was selected as low potassium sensitive cultivar(line).

Research on the Annual Variation Rules and Correlation of Leaf Nutrient Element Content in Korla Fragrant Pear

WEI Jie, MA Jianjiang, CHEN Jiuhong, JIANG Feng

2020, 49(3): 121-128. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.016

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In order to understand the variation rules and correlation of various mineral nutrient elements in the leaves of Korla fragrant pear, the changes of the content of 9 mineral elements in the leaves of different yield Korla fragrant pear orchard during the growth period were determined and analyzed.The result showed that the variation trend of the content of the same nutrient element in the leaves of different yield pear orchard was basically the same.The contents of N and P in the leaves were downward gradually in a year with the development of Korla fragrant pear;Mg and Mn contents were upward;K,Ca,Cu,Fe and Zn contents increased gradually in early growth phase and decreased later.The average values of the mineral nutrient elements in the leaves of Korla fragrant pear during the growth and development period were successively N,K,Ca,P,Mg,Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu. The average values of the N,P,Ca,Mg,Cu and Mn elements contents were showed as low yield orchard>middle yield orchard>high yield orchard, the average value of the K element content was showed as low yield orchard>high yield orchard>middle yield orchard,while the average values of the Fe and Zn elements contents were showed as high yield orchard>middle yield orchard>low yield orchard. Correlation analysis showed that there was a certain synergy and antagonism between the nutrient elements in the leaves of Korla fragrant pear.There was an extremely significantly negative correlation between the average values of the N,Mg and Mn contents and yield,and a significantly negative correlation between the content of P element and yield, and a significantly positive correlation between the content of Fe element and yield.There was an extremely significantly positive correlation between the contents of N and Mg,P and Ca,Ca and Cu,Mg and Mn in the leaves,and a significantly positive correlation between the contents of N and Mn,P and Cu,Fe and Zn,K and Ca,K and Cu in the leaves,and an extremely significanly negative correlation between the contents of N and Fe,Mg and Fe in the leaves,and a sighificantly negative correlation between the contents of Fe and Mn in the leaves.The fertilizer application of trace elements Fe,Zn,Cu and Mn should be further improved on the basis of maintaining the N,P,K,Ca and Mg contents in the production of Korla fragrant pear, thus balancing the tree nutrition and achieving the goal of stable and high yield.

Effects of Copper and Zinc Combined Stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of 8 Ornamental Grasses

XU Zhimin, LIU Yanzhen, CHEN Lin, WU Jianfang, LIU Lian, DING Guochang

2020, 49(3): 129-137. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.017

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In order to explore the tolerance to copper-zinc combined stress in the germination stage of ornamental grass,8 ornamental grasses were used as experimental materials,and the hydroponic method was used as the test method. The effects of different concentrations of stress on the growth and development of the test materials during germination and the differences among the varieties were studied.The results showed that with the increase of stress concentration,the germination rate,germination potential,germination index,vigor index,seedling length,root length and seedling fresh weight of 8 species of ornamental grasses showed gradual decline.They had an extremely significant negative correlation with the stress concentration,and the inhibition was the most in Cu²⁺500 mg/ L and Zn²⁺800 mg/L treatment.There were large differences among different varieties,and the overall performance was that the 4 species of Pennisetum ornamental grasses were more tolerant than the 4 species of Miscanthus ornamental grasses.Through comprehensive evaluation and analysis by subordination function method,the tolerance was in the order of P.alopecuroides cv.‘Little Bunny’>P.setaceum ‘Rubrum’ >P.orientale ‘Tall tails’ >P.setaceum>M.sinensis ‘Gracillimus’>M.sinensis ‘Variegatus’>M.sinensis ‘Morning Light’>M.sinensis ‘Zebrinus’.

The Genetic Diversity Analysis of Pleurotus ostreatus Germplasm Resources

CUI Xiao, LIU Qin, DUAN Yakui, KANG Yuanchun, KONG Weiwei, ZHANG Yuting, YUAN Ruiqi, KONG Weili

2020, 49(3): 138-144. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.018

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43 cultivated strains and 11 wild strains of Pleurotus ostreatus were used as materials,by adopting copulative methods of antagonistic test and ITS sequence analysis,the genetic diversity of the tested strains were analyzed.The results showed that the antagonistic test results were significantly different among the strains with larger color differences,so the 54 strains were divided into 32 different strains by antagonistic method.According to the results of ITS sequence analysis and constructed phylogenetic tree,they were grouped into two categories,and the two categories had relatively distant genetic relation and independent evolution,as a result,they were identified as 36 strains.The antagonistic test results were basically consistent with ITS sequence analysis,except for the antagonistic group Ⅵ—Ⅸ.Above all,the combination of antagonistic test and ITS sequence analysis method can be used as a means of strain identification.

Expression of Newcastle Disease Virus HN Protein in Pichia pastoris and Identification of Its Activity

LI Xufeng, WANG Yao, JIN Qianyue, ZHOU Wen, CHAI Yongxiao, CHEN Xiao, DING Peiyang, ZHANG Gaiping

2020, 49(3): 145-150. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.019

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In order to prepare Newcastle disease virus HN protein and study its immunogenicity,the optimized extracellular domain of HN gene was cloned into pPICZαA,and the pPICZαA-HN was electroporated into Pichia pastoris X-33 competent cell.Positive transformants were obtained by PCR identification,and induced by methanol, and the strain expressing HN protein was screened by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. The optimal expression conditions were explored by optimizing the methanol content,induction time,initial pH value of the medium,and induction temperature.The target protein was purified by nickel column affinity chromatography and identified by SDS-PAGE,Western blot and indirect ELISA.The purified protein was treated with the deglycosylation enzyme PNGase F to verify the degree of glycosylation.The results showed that the HN recombinant protein was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris,and the optimal expression condition of HN protein was at 28℃ ,the initial pH of the medium was 7.0,after induction with 0.5% methanol for 5 days.Purified protein was obtained by nickel column affinity chromatography and its purity reached 90%.ELISA showed that the recombinant protein had good activity.Deglycosylation assays demonstrated the presence of glycosylation modifications in recombinant proteins.In summary,this study successfully expressed HN protein using Pichia pastoris X-33,and the purified protein had high purity,good activity and glycosylation modification.

A Novel Approach for Screening Nucleic Acid Aptamer Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance(LSPR)

HAO Junfang, ZHANG Yingtao, XING Guangxu, WANG Fangyu

2020, 49(3): 151-156. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.020

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In order to quickly and efficiently screen target nucleic acid aptamers,it is urgent to establisha simple,efficient and visual new method for screening aptamers through exponentially enriched ligand system evolution technology(SELEX). In this paper,streptavidin(SA) was used as the target model,and its aptamer was screened and verified by the combination of localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)and capillary electrophoresis(CE).The results showed that in the first round of LSPR-SELEX,SA-bound aptamers(SBA) were screened,and the K_D value of SBA was 107 μmol/L by the Trace Drawer data analysis software of LSPR;In the second round of LSPR-SELEX,the K_Dvalue of SBA was 98 nmol/L.The results above showed that only two rounds of screening by LSPR-SELEX technology increased the affinity of SBA by 1 000 times.Then,the screened SBA was verified by CE,and the results showed that the SBA aptamer had good affinity and specificity with its target SA.In summary,in view of the high efficiency of LSPR in separating and collecting target aptamers from the initial DNA library,LSPR-SELEX technology can provide a new method for the screening of nucleic acid aptamers.

Bioinformatics Analysis of the Protein Encoded by the SLC13 Gene Family in Bovine

HUANG MingjieZHANG Yong, CHEN Xiang, CHEN Wei, MO Xianting, GUO Yong, WANG Tiansong

2020, 49(3): 157-166. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.021

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In order to explore the structure and function of the protein encoded by the solute carrier 13(SLC13) gene family of bovine,this study used bioinformatics softwares to analyze the biological property(including the physicochemical properties,hydrophobicity,secondary structure,tertiary structure,subcellular localization and transmembrane region of the protein), predict the protein interaction networks and construct phylogenetic tree of the SLC13 gene family-encoded proteins of different species.The results showed that the number of amino acids encoded by the SLC13 gene family of bovine was from 520 to 626,the highest content was leucine and the lowest was histidine.The molecular mass ranged from 57.80 ku to 68.96 ku.All proteins were hydrophobic protein and all proteins except for SLC13A2 were stable.The secondary structure of the SLC13 protein gene was mainly composed of α-helix,β-turn and random coil,and the number of exons was from 11 to 16.Except that the SLC13A3 protein gene did not have Motif 10and the SLC13A5 protein did not have Motif 8, all proteins had Motif 1—10 in the sequence.The subcellular localization of SLC13 protein was in the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria,and a small amount of SLC13A3 protein was found in the Golgi apparatus.The SLC13 protein was the inner membrane protein of multiple transmembrane helix,and it played a role in different forms at the biological level and molecular function level. Phylogenetic analysis found that the SLC13A1 gene of 14 species was in the same larger branch as the SLC13A4 gene,and SLC13A2,SLC13A3 and SLC13A5 were in another large branch.The common bovine had the closest relationship with zebu,buffalo and yak.

Drought Monitoring of Spring Maize in Northeast China Based on TVDI———Taking the 2018 for Instance

WANG Yihao, WU Yongfeng, ZHANG Liting, ZHANG Jinshui, LI Chongrui, ZHANG Xiaoxu

2020, 49(3): 167-180. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.022

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In order to explore the difference of sensitivity and accuracy of temperature vegetation drought index(TVDI) calculated by different vegetation indices in monitoring spring maize drought affected by the development process and farmland environment,and to reveal the spatial-temporal pattern in drought and its variation during the growing period of spring maize of northeast China in 2018,TVDI with strong sensitivity and high accuracy was selected to monitor drought of spring maize in the growing season.Based on the reconstruction of normalized difference vegetation index( NDVI),enhanced vegetation index(EVI)and land surface temperature(LST)which was corrected by digital elevation model (DEM),LST-VI wasconstructed,and temperature vegetation drought index(TVDI-N,TVDI-E) was calculated. Besides,the best monitoring period and sensitive translating period of TVDI-N and TVDI-E to monitor drought were determined by the difference of constant-coefficient.What’ s more,according to ground survey,the data monitoring accuracies of TVDI-N and TVDI-E were analyzed that affected by the development stage of spring maize,soil texture,altitude,slope and other farmland environments.The results showed that,at the early growing stage of spring maize,the TVDI-N dry-edge fitting equation constant-coefficient was consistently higher than TVDI-E,the maximum difference was 0.44 while the minimum difference was 0.10,and the average difference was 0.23.The judgment ratio of TVDI-N and TVDI-E monitoring drought grade to the measured drought grade was 100.0%.However, the consistence between the TVDI-N monitored drought grade and the measured drought grade was 33.3 perentage points higher than TVDI-E,which meant that it owned stronger monitoring sensitivity and higher monitoring accuracy in this period.In the middle stage of spring maize growth,although there was no obvious feature space that one dry-edge fitting equation constant-coefficient was consistently higher or lower than another,the judgment ratio of TVDI-N monitoring drought grade was lower than that of TVDI-E about 12.5 percentage points and the uniformity was the same as TVDI-E.Though this stage was a sensitive transition period,however,TVDI-E monitoring accuracy was higher than TVDI-N. At the later stage of spring maize growth,the TVDI-N dry-edge fitting equation constant-coefficient was consistently lower than TVDI-E,and the maximum difference was 0.29 while the minimum difference was 0.13,the average difference was 0.18.The judgment ratio and uniformity of TVDI-E monitored drought grade and measured drought grade were higher than TVDI-N 8.7 percentage points and 39.2 percentage points.That meant,TVDI-E drought monitoring sensitivity and accuracy were higher than TVDI-N in this period.Using different TVDI which had higher monitoring accuracy in each development stage of spring maize to monitor drought in the growing season of spring maize in 2018,the process of occurrence, development and reduction of drought in 2018 and the influence of drought on the development stages of spring maize in the study area were undrstood.Besides,in early stage of spring maize growth judgment ratio reached 100. 0% and the uniformity reached 83.3%.The drought monitoring judgment ratio in middle and later stage of spring maize growth was also obtained.The judgment ratio reached 82.6% and the uniformity reached 78.3%.By analyzing the sensitivity and accuracy of TVDI-N and TVDI-E in drought monitoring at different developmental stages of spring maize,it came to the conclusion that TVDI-N was suitable for drought monitoring at early spring maize growth stage while TVDI-E was suitable for drought monitoring at middle and later spring maize growth stage. Based on the conclusion,a lasting drought monitoring was made in spring maize growing season of northeast China in 2018,which could reveal the spatial and temporal pattern of drought of spring maize and improve the monitoring accuracy.

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