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Research Progress on Plant Phenomics in the Context of Smart Agriculture YANG Wenqing, LIU Tianxia, TANG Xingping, XU Guofu, MA Zhe, YANG Hekai, WU Wendou Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (7): 1-12.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.07.001 Abstract （753）      PDF （1262KB）（1240）       Knowledge map    Save China’s agriculture is in the key stage of changing from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture.Smart agriculture is an important embodiment of modern agricultural development and an inevitable trend of agricultural development in the future.Smart agriculture aims to deeply combine modern information technologies such as internet of things，artificial intelligence and big data with traditional agriculture to make agricultural production intelligent，green，standardized and digital.Plant phenomics is a science to study the characteristics of plant phenotypes，which is one of the key technologies for the development of smart agriculture.By collecting phenotypic data at all levels of cells，organs，tissues，plants and populations，plant phenomics extracts important trait information with high repeatability and high reliability from massive data，so as to provide data support and method support for gene mining，crop breeding and accurate management of agricultural production process.This paper reviews the development status of plant phenomics under the background of smart agriculture from the aspects of phenotypic data collection and analysis and the construction of plant phenotypic analysis platform at home and abroad，summarizes the application of plant phenomics research in smart agricultural production，and finally looks forward to the future development trend of plant phenomics. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Effects of Ecological Factors on Tobacco Aroma Characteristics LIU Jingjing, CUI Guangzhou, DUAN Wangjun, WANG Weimin, ZHANG Li, JIA Wei, XU Zicheng, XU Jiayang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (2): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.02.001 Abstract （422）      PDF （1699KB）（890）       Knowledge map    Save Aroma substance is an important quality factor to measure the quality of tobacco leaves.The formation of aroma style of high quality tobacco leaves is easily restricted by ecological factors.In this paper，four important aroma precursors in tobacco were introduced，and the difference of aroma substance content in different aroma types of tobacco was analyzed. The effects of different ecological factors on tobacco aroma substances were reviewed from two aspects：abiotic factors（light，temperature，rainfall，soil，altitude）and biological factors（soil microorganisms）.The relationship between aroma substances and tobacco aroma characteristics was further discussed，and the effects of aroma precursors and ecological factors on tobacco aroma were summarized. Finally，the future research direction was prospected，in order to provide new ideas for the study on rational planting and quality improvement of tobacco. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Mechanism and Application of Reductive Soil Disinfection（RSD）in Prevention and Control of Continuous Cropping Obstacles of Facility Soil and Vegetable WANG Guangyin, GUO Weili, CHEN Bihua, PAN Feifei, HUANG Xinqi, CAI Zucong, ZHOU Jianhua, GU Guilan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (1): 1-10.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.01.001 Abstract （423）      PDF （1283KB）（714）       Knowledge map    Save Reductive soil disinfestation（RSD） is an environment‑friendly method，which has the characteristics of inhibiting soil‑borne pathogens and improving soil physicochemical properties.It has been successfully applied to prevent and control the continuous cropping obstacle in facility soil and vegetable production.In order to provide theoretical reference for the mechanism and application study of RSD to prevent and control soil continuous cropping obstacles，this paper summarizes the mechanism research progress of RSD to prevent and control soil continuous cropping obstacle，introduces the specific application of RSD in facility soil and vegetable production in recent years，and prospects the future research and application of RSD. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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New Research Progress of bZIP Transcription Factors in Improving Plant Stress Resistance HAO Hongyan, SANG Huitong, LÜ Shanhua, FAN Yinglun, LI Haiyun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 1-8.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.001 Abstract （439）      PDF （1297KB）（698）       Knowledge map    Save Plants will be hurt when encountering adversity，and genetic engineering technology is a quick and effective way to improve plant stress resistance. As one of the most diverse and relatively conserved gene families in higher plants，basic leucine zipper（bZIP） transcription factors play an important regulatory role in plant resistance to low temperature，drought，salinity，pests and other biotic and abiotic stresses.In this paper，the structure，classification of bZIP transcription factors in plants and the new research progress in improving plant resistance to abiotic（drought，high temperature，low temperature，high salinity，nutrient deficiency，etc.）and biotic stresses were reviewed，so as to provide references for the utilization of bZIP transcription factors and the genetic improvement of plant stress resistance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Fine Mapping of QTLs for Yield Components of Rice BAI Tianliang, LI Jie, RAN Jie, YANG Hui, QIAO Chengbin, LI Peifu, TIAN Lei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (8): 1-8.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.001 Abstract （548）      PDF （1301KB）（659）       Knowledge map    Save Rice is one of major food crops，and its yield is very important for world food security.The yield components are key regulating factors for improvement of rice yield，which are often manifested as complex quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes. It is of great significance to explore favorable yield genes for high yield of rice. QTL mapping is an important method for identifying genes associated with excellent agronomic traits in crops.This paper elaborated the strategies of QTL fine mapping and population selection，reviewed the research progress on QTL fine mapping of three key yield components of rice，namely panicle number，grain number per panicle and grain weight，map⁃based cloning and functional analysis，and put forward the breeding strategy of rational utilization of rice yield component genes，so as to provide reference and theoretical basis for cloning excellent yield traits genes and unraveling the genetic mechanisms of yield traits in rice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Quality Traits of Foxtail Millet LI Junxia, MA Xiaoqian, DAI Shutao, QIN Na, SONG Yinghui, ZHU Cancan, LIU Haixia, JIN Songcan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 14-23.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.002 Abstract （245）      PDF （1347KB）（654）       Knowledge map    Save Foxtail millet is an important multigrain crop in China，which is rich in protein，fatty acid，saccharides，dietary fiber and abundant essential trace elements for human body，and has high nutritional value. In this paper，the research progress of foxtail millet quality traits was reviewed from the aspects of appearance quality，eating and cooking quality，nutrient quality and processing quality，the existing problems in the research of foxtail millet quality were analyzed，and the prospect of further research was prospected. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Status and Progress of Research on Soil Water Movement and Distribution in Subsurface Drip Irrigation WANG Dongbo, QIAN Zhiyong, WANG Dong, HUANG Guoliang, YANG Zhenjie, ZHANG Yijie Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (12): 1-13.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.12.001 Abstract （346）      PDF （1989KB）（579）       Knowledge map    Save The movement and distribution of soil water under subsurface drip irrigation has always been a hot topic in academic circles. In order to clarify the research progress of influencing factors of soil water migration and distribution under subsurface drip irrigation，the basic principles，main characteristics and development history of subsurface drip irrigation technology were summarized.The research methods and conclusions of soil water migration and distribution under different subsurface drip irrigation methods were systematically expounded，and the application status of numerical simulation technology in soil water distribution law research was introduced.The key factors affecting soil water migration and distribution under subsurface drip irrigation conditions were comprehensively analyzed.The current research status and development bottlenecks were summarized，and the future research direction was prospected，in order to provide theoretical reference for further research and improvement of irrigation water use efficiency. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Effect of High Temperature on Maize at Flowering Stage WANG Huitao, YUAN Liuzheng, LIU Jiayou, WANG Huiqiang, ZHU Shidie, YUAN Manman, WANG Qiuling Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (9): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.09.001 Abstract （308）      PDF （1281KB）（565）       Knowledge map    Save The high temperature at flowering stage not only reduces maize yield，but also decreases grain quality，which has a great impact on maize production. The effects of high temperature at flowering stage on maize physiological and biochemical characteristics，ear development，yield，grain quality were reviewed，and the research progress of maize genes related to heat tolerance was summarized under high temperature stress at flowering stage，which could lay a foundation for high temperature stress research in maiz Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and Application of Lightweight Yolov7‐TSA Network in Tea Disease Detection and Identification LI Weihao, ZHAN Wei, ZHOU Wan, HAN Tao, WANG Peiwen, LIU Hu, XIONG Mengyuan, SUN Yong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 162-169.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.019 Abstract （304）      PDF （3989KB）（542）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the problems of low accuracy，slow model running speed and no detection function of the existing tea disease identification methods，a novel Yolov7‐TSA（Yolov7‐Tiny‐SiLU‐Attention）lightweight network architecture was proposed to detect and classify tea diseases.Specifically，the LeakReLU activation function in the Yolov7‐T network was replaced with the SiLU activation function to improve detection accuracy and prevent overfitting.Meanwhile，the feature perception of target contour and spatial location was further improved by fusing the coordinate attention mechanism. Experiments on the dataset containing eight tea diseases（including healthy tea leaves） showed that the recognition accuracy of Yolov7‐TSA network reached 94.2%，which was 3.2 and 1.2 percentage points higher compared to Yolov7‐T and Yolov7 networks，respectively.Furthermore，it showed significant results in terms of parameters，floating point operations，model size and inference time per image，which were reduced by 83%，87%，83% and 34%，respectively，compared to the Yolov7 network. The network model achieves the detection and classification of tea diseases when balancing recognition accuracy and real‐time performance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Effects of Abiotic Stress Factors on Wheat Photosynthesis FANG Yuhui, HUA Xia, HAN Liupeng, ZHAO Mingzhong, QI Xueli, DONG Haibin, HU Lin, Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (10): 1-13.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.10.001 Abstract （380）      PDF （1331KB）（537）       Knowledge map    Save Photosynthesis is the energy source and material basis of wheat growth and development，and plays an important role in the formation of wheat yield.In recent years，climate anomalies have occurred frequently.High temperature，low temperature，drought，waterlogging，saline‑alkaline，high light and low light have become the main factors affecting wheat photosynthesis.This paper reviewed the research progress of the effects of abiotic stresses such as temperature，water，saline‑alkaline and light intensity on wheat photosynthesis，pointed out the problems existing in this research field，and prospected the future research direction，so as to provide theoretical reference for wheat high photosynthetic efficiency breeding and cultivation management. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Succulent Plant Classification and Recognition Method Based on Contrastive Learning FENG Yuxin, LIANG Shaohua, TONG Hao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (7): 154-162.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.07.016 Abstract （207）      PDF （3327KB）（533）       Knowledge map    Save In view of the large variety of succulents，the large intra⁃class differences and the small inter⁃class differences，as well as the difficulty of data collection，traditional classification algorithms cannot effectively solve the problem of succulent plant image classification.This paper proposed a contrastive learning based succulent plant image classification network CL_ConvNeXt.The network was based on ConvNeXt structure and introduced the idea of contrastive learning.A non⁃linear projection layer（Projection head）was added in the middle layer of the network as an auxiliary classifier to help the model extract features from the shallow network.In a batch，positive samples were constructed through data augmentation，and the remaining samples were considered as negative samples.The cross entropy loss function and the contrastive loss function were weighted to newly design loss function calculation method，which could achieve one⁃stage model training.Transfer learning was used during training to transfer the pre⁃trained weights to the model to improve the convergence speed of the model，and various strategies and parameters were optimized to further improve the recognition accuracy of the model.The experimental results showed that on the self⁃made 190⁃class succulent plant dataset，under the same training strategy and environment configuration，the recognition accuracy of the final model CL_ConvNeXt for succulent plant image classification reached 91.79%，which was 12.24 percentage points higher than that of the original ConvNeXt model structure，showing good effect on solving the problem of succulent plant image classification and recognition. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison and Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality of 20 Potato Varieties ZHANG Fan, LI Yuan, CHEN Mengru, XING Yingying, WANG Xiukang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (8): 28-36.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.004 Abstract （1573）      PDF （1368KB）（533）       Knowledge map    Save The tuber yield per plant，starch content，reducing sugar content，soluble sugar content，vitamin C content and protein content of 20 potato varieties were analyzed，and the comprehensive evaluation of quality was done by principal component analysis，membership function method and cluster analysis，so as to screen out potato varieties with good quality and suitable for different processing purposes and cultivation in Yulin City. The results showed that there were great differences in quality indexes among different potato varieties.The variation coefficients of tuber yield per plant，starch content，reducing sugar content，soluble sugar content，vitamin C content and protein content were 46.76%，50.07%，50.66%，64.79%，33.72% and 68.10% respectively.The tuber yield per plant and starch content of Longshu 11 were the highest，the reducing sugar content of LZ112 was the highest，the soluble sugar content of Longshu 9 was the highest，the vitamin C content and protein content of Laohongpi were the highest.The results of principal component analysis showed that the quality indexes of 20 potato varieties could be expressed by four principal components（the cumulative variance contribution rate was 90.448%），and the representative indexes of each component were protein content，starch content，soluble sugar content and reducing sugar content respectively. Then，comprehensive evaluation was carried out by membership function method and cluster analysis.The results showed that seven varieties with better quality were screened out，accounted for 35.0% of the tested varieties，one variety（Dingshu 3）could be used for both vegetable and starch processing，one variety（Ganyinshu 1）could be used for whole flour processing and fried food processing，one variety（Longshu 11）could be used for starch processing after large⁃scale cultivation，two varieties（L08104⁃12 and Feurita）could be processed as whole flour，and two varieties（Jizhangshu 12 and Longshu 9）could be used for fried food processing. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Toxic Effect of Selenium on Plants LIANG Zhizhe, SI Zhenxing, NIU Huiwei, XU Zicheng, JIA Wei, XU Jiayang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (6): 13-21.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.06.002 Abstract （447）      PDF （1322KB）（526）       Knowledge map    Save Different selenium（Se） concentrations exhibit different effects on plant growth，low concentrations are beneficial to plant growth and development while high levels are toxic to most plants.With the deepening of people’s understanding of Se pollution in the environment，Se pollution in soil and Se poisonousness in crops have gradually attracted attention，which promotes the study of selenium absorption，accumulation and metabolic regulation in plants. This paper summarized the research progress of Se toxicity in plants，including the distribution characteristics of Se in soil，threshold values，manifestation characteristics of Se poisonousness，related toxicological basis，and toxic resistance in plants，and put forward the difficulties in the future research of Se toxicity，which would provide references for the rational utilization of Se. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Conservation Tillage in China QIN Meng, DONG Quanzhong, XUE Hong, ZHANG Mingming, LI Weiwei, SONG Huan, ZHAI Lingxia Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (7): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.07.001 Abstract （612）      PDF （1252KB）（513）       Knowledge map    Save Conservation tillage is an environmentally friendly farming model that reduces soil erosion，protects the ecological environment of farmland，and achieves coordinated development of ecological，economic and social benefits by means of less tillage，no⁃tillage and surface mulching of straw.In order to reduce soil erosion，desertification and salinization，soil management methods need to be changed from traditional tillage to protect the soil environment，stabilize food and increase income.This paper introduces the importance of conservation tillage for the sustainable development of agriculture，systematically describes the current development status of conservation tillage，analyzes the key points and difficulties of future development of conservation tillage，and provides an outlook on the future development direction of conservation tillage to provide reference for improving the development system of conservation tillage. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Vaccine for Piglets LÜ Linfen, PANG Shengmei, LI Baoliang, LIANG Yuxuan, DUAN Qiangde Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 1-8.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.001 Abstract （220）      PDF （1262KB）（500）       Knowledge map    Save Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli（ETEC）is an important pathogen causing diarrhea of piglets in the world. Various strategies such as giving antibiotics in the feed，oral administration of specific antibodies，dietary and diet supplementary treatment，and genetic breeding have been used to prevent and treat ETEC infection.Compared with other preventive measures，vaccination is the most economical and effective mean to prevent diarrhea of piglets caused by ETEC.In this paper，the latest research progress of ETEC vaccine for porcine was reviewed，the challenges in ETEC vaccine research were analyzed，and the research strategies for effective vaccines were proposed，in order to provide the basis for the development of novel，safe，efficient and broad‐spectrum ETEC vaccines. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Vaccine for Pigs LIANG Yuxuan, PANG Shengmei, LIU Mei, WANG Longlong, DUAN Qiangde Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (8): 1-10.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.001 Abstract （329）      PDF （1511KB）（461）       Knowledge map    Save Porcine epidemic diarrhea（PED）caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus（PEDV）is an acute and highly contagious enteric disease of pigs，which leads to high morbidity and mortality in the suckling piglets，thereby bringing huge economic losses to the global pig industry.Vaccination is currently the most economical and effective measure for the prevention of PED，but due to the continuous emergence of PEDV variants，the immune protection of the vaccine is not effective.Therefore，the development of safer and more effective vaccines for preventing PED is urgently needed. Here we mainly reviewed the pathogenic characteristics，the pathogenic mechanism of PEDV，and the latest progress in PEDV vaccine research. Futhermore，the research strategy of a novel and effective PEDV vaccine was also prospected，to provide a reference for effective prevention and control of PED in clinical settings. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Flavor Characteristics and Microbial Community of Cigar Tobacco Leaves from Different Regions Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (8): 45-54.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.006 Abstract （306）      PDF （9093KB）（445）       Knowledge map    Save Twenty⁃four cigar tobacco leaves from three cigar tobacco producing areas，including Dominica，Indonesia and America，were used as experimental materials to investigate their flavor characteristics by sensory evaluation，and the microbial communities were determined by microbial high⁃throughput sequencing.By analyzing the differences in flavor and microbial community composition of cigar tobacco leaves from different regions，this study explored the relationship between microbial community and flavor characteristics of cigar tobacco leaves，and identified the key microorganisms in cigar tobacco leaves，to lay a foundation for the utilization of raw materials，product development and application innovation of domestic cigar industry. The results showed that Dominican cigar tobacco leaves had the flavors of nut，bean，wood，caramel，baked and hay；Indonesian cigar tobacco leaves had high honey and sour aromas，but also had more offensive odor；American cigar tobacco leaves had no prominent flavor and offensive odor.The dominant bacterial genera in cigar tobacco leaves from the three regions were Staphylococcus，Pseudomonas，and Sphingomonas，and the dominant fungal genera were Aspergillus，Sampaiozyma，and Alternaria.There were significant differences in microbial communities in tobacco leaves from different producing areas，and the difference in bacterial community in cigar leaves from different origins was significantly greater than that in fungal communities. Through the association network，it was found that bacteria Staphylococcus，Corynebacterium_1，Tetragenococcus and Atopostipes were closely related to the flavor of cigar tobacco leaves.The bacterial community had closer relationship with flavor characteristics than fungal community，and had an important contribution to the flavor formation of cigar tobacco leaves. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Rice Phenotypic Parameters Extraction and Biomass Estimation Based on Three⁃Dimensional Model CHENG Zhiqiang, FANG Shenghui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (7): 144-153.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.07.015 Abstract （1120）      PDF （6848KB）（438）       Knowledge map    Save The phenotype detection methods based on two⁃dimensional images lack spatial dimension information and have difficulty in extracting comprehensive rice phenotype parameters.Therefore，it is of great significance to establish a three⁃dimensional model of rice to extract comprehensive rice phenotype parameters.The volume is an important parameter indicating the growth status of rice. How to obtain rice volume parameters without damaging the rice plant is still a problem to be solved in current research.Based on the above considerations，a method of rice phenotypic parameters extraction and biomass estimation based on three⁃dimensional model is proposed in this paper，which can extract rice volume parameters and estimate rice biomass without damaging the rice plant.This study focused on potted rice，first reconstructed its three⁃dimensional model using the Alpha⁃shape algorithm，and then extracted and evaluated rice height，stem thickness，vegetation coverage，volume parameters，and estimated rice biomass based on the volume parameter.The experimental results showed that space carving could reconstruct a high⁃precision three⁃dimensional model of rice and accurately measure rice phenotype parameters and biomass，the RMSE and MAPE of rice height，stem thickness，and single plant vegetation coverage were 63.27 mm，4.01 mm，5.04% and 7.15%，14.91%，12.59%，and the RMSE and MAPE of rice biomass were 62.44 g and 19.25%，which were better than the results obtained by existing three⁃dimensional reconstruction software. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Analysis of Flower Size and Related Characters in Petunia ZHANG Linxia, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Shuting, SUN Miaomiao, ZHANG Xiaomin, LI Zhineng, LIU Guofeng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (2): 118-127.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.013 Abstract （229）      PDF （3922KB）（438）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the inheritance law of petunia flower size,four generations of genetic populations(P1,P2,F1,F2）were constructed using the large⁃flowered and small⁃flowered inbred lines of petunia as parents.The main gene+polygene mixed genetic model analysis was carried out,and the genetic law was verified by crossing the F1 plant with the medium⁃flowered petunia line W115.Moreover,the F2 population was used to investigate 23 phenotypic traits including flower diameter，sepal length,leaf length etc.,and the correlation analysis of these traits was carried out.The results showed that the flower diameter of petunia(large flower vs. small flower)was controlled by two pairs of additive major genes(2MG⁃A),and the heritability of major genes was 95.38%;the offspring of the F1 crossing W115 showed a separation ratio of 1∶1 between the large⁃flowered individuals and medium⁃flowered individuals，and the chlorophyll content of leaves and bracts in medium⁃flowered plants was significantly higher than that in large⁃flowered plants(P<0.01).The phenotypic traits of F2 population derived from hybridization between large⁃flower and small⁃flower parents had abundant variation,and the coefficient of variation varied from 7.67% to 59.93%,with an average of 22.38%.Correlation analysis showed that there were certain correlations among the floral traits,leaf traits and between them,and the flower diameter was significantly positively correlated with the size of other organs,but significantly negatively correlated tosome plant traits. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application Status and Progress of Fluorescent Labeling Technology in the Creation of Novel Agrocompounds WEN Ding, ZHANG Ya, LIU Shuangqing, WANG Chong, LIAO Xiaolan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 1-13.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.001 Abstract （249）      PDF （1591KB）（423）       Knowledge map    Save Fluorescent labeling technology（FLT）is widely used in all aspects of the modern society,but its application in the field of agrocompound creation has rarely been reviewed. Based on the domestic and foreign literature on FLT in the field of agrocompound creation in the past 10 years，the kinds of fluorescent dyes in FLT was introduced，the application situation and progress of fluorescence probe technology and immunofluorescence technology in new agrocompound creation field were summarized，the limitations and deficiencies of FLT in the field of agrocompound creation were analyzed，and the development trend of FLT in the future was prospected. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Temperature and Moisture Content on Thermophysical Properties of Tobacco Leaves and Establishment of Prediction Models CHEN Jiading, HE Rong, XIAO Qingli, YUAN Ming, TAN Qizhong, PENG Kui, WEI Shuo, LI Shengchun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (6): 172-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.06.018 Abstract （1078）      PDF （3074KB）（415）       Knowledge map    Save In order to comprehensively understand the thermophysical properties of different components of tobacco leaves and provide reference for the design of thermal processing technology such as baking，moisture regain and redrying，the thermal diffusion coefficient，thermal conductivity and mass specific heat capacity of post⁃baking tobacco leaves and main veins were measured by the thermal probe method under the temperature from 10 to 70℃ and moisture content from 5% to 30%，respectively，and the variation pattern was analyzed.The correlation between temperature，moisture content and the values of thermophysical properties of tobacco leaves was fitted in the form of exponential function with the help of MATLAB software to construct an empirical mathematical model of the thermophysical properties of tobacco leaves，which was verified by experiments.The results showed that，（1）The density of tobacco leaves and main veins increased with the increase of moisture content.When the moisture content was 5%—30%，the density of leaves was 562.79—684.84 kg/m3，and the density of main veins was 908.83 to 1 045.51 kg/m3；（2）The increase of temperature and moisture content would increase the thermal diffusion coefficient of tobacco leaves and main veins，and the contribution rate of moisture content was greater.The thermal diffusion coefficient of leaves was 0.092 33—0.219 00 mm2/s，and the thermal diffusion coefficient of main veins was 0.088 67—0.149 00 mm2/s；（3）The thermal conductivity of tobacco leaves and main veins increased with the increase of temperature and moisture content.The thermal conductivity of leaves was 0.088 13—0.435 37 W（/m·K），and the thermal conductivity of main veins was 0.160 70—0.388 83 W（/m·K）；（4）The mass specific heat capacity of tobacco leaves and main veins was mainly positively related to the moisture content. The mass specific heat capacity of tobacco leaves was 1 520.623 44—3 123.569 52 J（/kg·K），and the mass specific heat capacity of main veins was 1 618.828 08—2 563.703 20 J（/kg·K）.（5）For verifying the fitted empirical model，R2 was between 0.93 and 0.99.In summary，the thermophysical properties of leaves and main veins differed greatly，and the fitted exponential function could be used as an empirical mathematical model for calculating the corresponding thermophysical property parameters of tobacco leaves and main veins. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on Application of Rational Design of Enzyme in Crop Breeding and Prospect WANG Donghui, WANG Aoxuan, HE Changhai, LIU Zhihao, SHI Yongchun, WANG Ran, WANG Xiaoran Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (5): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.05.001 Abstract （300）      PDF （1812KB）（413）       Knowledge map    Save Excellent germplasm resources are important guarantee for food security，and traditional breeding techniques have problems such as long breeding cycles and intensive workloads. With the deep integration of biology and computer technology，the rational design of enzyme used for directional optimization of key crop genes has laid the foundation for greater exploitation of high‑quality genetic resources.It further integrates with gene editing and transgenic technologies，and becomes one of the important directions in the exploration of molecular breeding technology.This article elaborated the common methods of rational design of enzyme，such as molecular docking，molecular dynamic simulations，binding free energy evaluation and so on，reviewed the progress on application of rational design of enzyme in improvement of crop quality，stress resistance and biomass，and the future was prospected，to provide reference for the development and utilization of new technologies in crop breeding. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Apple Leaf Diseases Identification Based on Improved Residual Network CHEN Cong, YU Xiao, GONG Qi Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 152-161.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.018 Abstract （1076）      PDF （5367KB）（408）       Knowledge map    Save Apple leaf diseases are similar in morphology and different in spot size，and traditional methods relying on labor and agricultural experts to identify them are inefficient. In view of this，this study proposed an apple disease identification model REP⁃ResNet based on improved residual network.This model was improved by adopting the order adjustment of residual structure（that was bath normalization，activation function，convolutional layer），and adding the efficient channel attention and parallel convolution based on the baseline model ResNet⁃50.During the training process，the model weight parameters pretrained in the public dataset PlantVillage were transferred to the above network model for retraining，which aimed to accelerate the convergence speed of the network and improve the recognition ability of the model.Data expansion was used to solve the problem of uneven samples during training.The results showed that the recognition accuracy of the REP⁃ResNet model was 2.41 percentage points higher than that of the benchmark network model.The model was trained by transfer learning，and the accuracy rate of apple leaf disease recognition in complex backgrounds reached 97. 69%. Compared with traditional convolutional neural networks，the recognition effect was greatly improved. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological Characteristics and Occurrence of Aoria nigripes（Coleoptera：Chrysomelidae）in Ampelopsis grossedentata ZHANG Mengmeng, LI Li, CHEN Qin, CHEN Mingxiu, WEI Yun, YU Zhengwen Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (2): 94-102.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.02.011 Abstract （247）      PDF （5654KB）（405）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the phenomenon of the explosive damage of beetle insects on the new‑generation vine tea，this study would clarify the specific species and damage risks through filed survey and indoor rearing observation.The results showed that the insect was identified by morphological and anatomical observations as Aoria nigripes，which belonged to Coleoptera，Chrysomeloidae，Eumolpidea，and Aoria.Currently，it only occurs sporadically in the plants of Vitis and Parthenocissus.It is clear that the leaf beetle has one generation per year in Guizhou，and the adult blooming period is from June to July.The adult damages the leaves and shoots，and the damaged parts is a strip‑shaped hole.It has strong activity，is good at flying，and has pseudolethality.The adults can lay eggs for many times，and the number of eggs laid can reach 34.50 eggs per female. The larvae have weak crawling ability，and mainly feed on the roots of vine tea in a tunnel shape. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification，Evolution and Expression Analysis of WOX Gene Family in Capsicum annuum ZHANG Yeda, WANG Xing, WANG Liping, TONG Jing, WU Zhanhui, GAO Yankui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 130-141.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.015 Abstract （264）      PDF （5175KB）（402）       Knowledge map    Save The WUSCHEL（WUS）‐related homeobox（WOX）transcription factor family is a kind of plant specific transcription factors，which maintain the dynamic balance of plant stem cells，shoot tip meristem formation，embryonic development and other important life activities.In this study，10 WOX genes were identified in pepper（Capsicum annuum）variety Zunla‐1 by using bioinformatics methods，named CaWUS to CaWOX13.CaWOXs were unevenly distributed on 5 chromosomes and are divided into 3 branches.All subcellular predictions showed being located in the nucleus.The number of genes varied greatly among different branches，and members of the same branch had similar gene structures and conserved motifs.CaWOX family promoters contained 14 kinds of action elements related to plant growth and development，hormone regulation and stress，and the most widely distributed was methyl jasmonate response element.No tandem duplication and large fragment duplication were found in CaWOX family，but there was a collinear relationship with Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum.As a key protein，CaWUS played a pivotal role in the protein interaction network.The gene expression of CaWOXs was significantly different，and some genes played an important role in the regulation of root，stem and fruit development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Semen Quality and Fertilization Ability of Different Breeds of Boars YANG Suozhou, WANG Wenwen, WANG Dan, NING Chao, WANG Yang, LI Qian, DONG Licai, GONG Weilong, LI Xin, TANG Hui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 137-142.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.016 Abstract （284）      PDF （1208KB）（398）       Knowledge map    Save To analyze the differences in semen quality and fertilization ability of different breeds of boars，various indicators of semen quality and fertilization ability were measured for Yimeng black pigs，Jiangquan black pigs，and Duroc pigs aged 12 to 36 months at a pig farm in Linyi.We used one⁃way ANOVA and multiple comparison methods to compare the differences in various indicators among different breeds.The breed effect was corrected and the correlation coefficients between various indicators were calculated.The results showed no significant difference between Jiangquan black pigs and Yimeng black pigs in terms of ejaculate volume，sperm density，total effective sperm count，and dilution ratio，but both were significantly higher than Duroc. There was no significant difference between Jiangquan black pigs and Duroc regarding sperm motility，but both were significantly higher than Yimeng black pigs. There was no significant difference in the total effective sperm count per unit volume after dilution and fertilization rate among the three breeds of boars. Jiangquan black pigs exhibited heterosis in terms of ejaculate volume，total effective sperm count，and dilution ratio，with a heterosis rate of 3.8%—5.5%.The correlation analysis showed that the total effective sperm count of the raw semen was significantly positively correlated with the dilution ratio（r=0.99，P<0.01），and the ejaculate volume was significantly positively correlated with the total effective sperm count and dilution ratio of the raw semen（r=0.92，P<0.01）.The ejaculate volume was moderately negatively genetically correlated with sperm density，diluted sperm density，straight⁃line movement sperm count，and total effective sperm count of the raw semen（r=-0.37—-0.21）.However，it did not significantly affect the final fertilization rate（r=-0.06）.Except the moderate positive correlation between the sperm density of the raw semen and fertilization rate（r=0.28，P<0.01），the pre⁃diluted and post⁃diluted semen quality indicators were weakly correlated with the fertilization rate.In conclusion，semen dilution is beneficial to ensure successful artificial insemination. Jiangquan black pigs exhibit a certain degree of heterosis regarding ejaculate volume and total effective sperm count and are superior to their paternal breed Duroc. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Efficient Utilization of Water，Fertilizer and Pesticide in Rice Production and Their Effects on Rice LI Wenxiu, ZHOU Hang, LIU Lang, WU Zhaohui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (6): 1-12.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.06.001 Abstract （349）      PDF （1302KB）（396）       Knowledge map    Save Rice is one of the major food crops in China，and its yield and quality are affected by water，fertilizer and pesticide，but the utilization rate of water，fertilizer and pesticide is low in China，resulting in waste of resources and environmental pollution. Therefore，it is of great practical significance to study the efficient utilization technology of water，fertilizer and pesticide and its effect on rice yield and quality.In this paper，we reviewed the efficient utilization technologies of water（dry⁃wet alternate irrigation，ground cover rice production system，system of rice intensification），efficient utilization technologies of nitrogen fertilizer（improving fertilization methods，changing fertilizer morphology，optimal application amount and application period of nitrogen fertilizer），efficient utilization technologies of pesticides（improving spray methods，biological pesticide）and collaborative and efficient utilization technologies of water，fertilizer and pesticide（water⁃fertilizer interaction，technique of reduction of fertilizer and pesticide） and their effects on rice yield and quality，and pointed out the problems in this field and future research directions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in the Function of MicroRNA in the Process of Baculovirus Infection ZHANG Xiaoxia, SUN Xiaoyan, YANG Yanqing, WANG Qiuyun, LIANG Zhenpu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (10): 9-16.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.10.002 Abstract （218）      PDF （1302KB）（395）       Knowledge map    Save MicroRNAs（miRNAs）are a class of non‑coding RNAs encoded by endogenous genes，about 22 nt，which are key regulators of gene expression and participate in a series of important biological processes in organisms.Most DNA viruses encode miRNA，including baculovirus. The baculovirus consists of double‑stranded circular DNA，can specifically infect insects of Lepidoptera，Hymenoptera and Diptera，and has been widely used in agricultural pest control and biological research.The biosynthesis and functional mechanism of miRNAs were introduced in the paper，and virus‑ and host‑encoded miRNAs after baculovirus infection of hosts and the functions of miRNAs in the process of baculovirus infection were reviewed，which can provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of baculovirus insecticides. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome Size，Ploidy and Phylogeny of Cyperus esculentus L. WANG Huiwei, ZHU Shixin, ZHANG Xinyou, WANG Yan, YANG Tiegang, ZHANG Xiangge, WANG Shufeng, LI Chunxin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (1): 34-41.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.01.004 Abstract （1492）      PDF （2024KB）（389）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the genome characteristics of the main varieties and characteristic germplasm of Cyperus esculentus L. in the Huang Huai region and the phylogenetic relationship between them and their related species，the genome size and ploidy of six C. esculentus L. materials were evaluated by flow cytometry and genome survey analysis，and the phylogenetic relationship between them and their related groups was analyzed based on the sequences of the external transcribed spacer（ETS） and internal transcribed spacer（ITS） of ribosomal DNA. The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that the genomes of six C.esculentus L. materials were 0.808 6—0.858 5 Gb，with an average of 0.826 4 Gb；the results of genome survey analysis showed that the genome size，proportion of repetitive sequences，GC content and heterozygous ratio of the three tuber types of C.esculentus L. were 0.697 9 Gb，81.02%，34.7% and 0.28% for Yuyousha 2，0.778 7 Gb，84.45%，36.4% and 0.08% for Yuyousha 3.and 0.790 6 Gb，83.75%，34.9% and 0.19% for YYS‑4，respectively；genome survey analysis and pollen staining results showed that the three tuber types of C.esculentus L. were triploid. Phylogenetic analysis showed that six C. esculentus L. were clustered into C.esculentus L.branch，this branch was closely related to the branch composed of C.rotundus L. and C.glomeratus L.，they formed sister group，and formed C4 plant branch with C.iria L. ，C.glomeratus L. and C.cuspidatus H.B.K. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Morphological Traits on Body Weight of Cipangopaludina chinensis LI Zhe, WU Jinsong, PAN Xianhui, WEI Zina, LIN Yong, QIN Junqi, HUANG Yin, LUO Hui, YE Hua, CHEN Zhong, DU Xuesong, WEN Luting, ZHOU Kangqi Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (7): 154-162.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.07.016 Abstract （249）      PDF （1376KB）（385）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the effects of morphological traits on the body weight of Cipangopaludina chinensis，420 individuals from four locations（Dahua Yao Autonomous County，Hechi City；Nandan County，Hechi City；Quanzhou County，Guilin City；Xing’an County，Guilin City）were selected. A total of eight traits including body weight（Y），shell height（X1），shell width（X2），aperture height（X3），aperture width（X4），body whorl height（X5），the second spiral height（X6），the second spiral width（X7）were measured and analyzed using correlation analysis，path analysis，and multiple regression analysis.The results showed certain differences in the morphological traits and body weight of C. chinensis collected from the four locations.The coefficients of variation of body weight of C.chinensis in the four locations were all greater than 20%，indicating high breeding potential.Path analysis showed that the determinative coefficients of morphological traits on body weight were also different among the four locations.Four regression equations of morphological traits and body weight were established in four locations,Dahua Yao Autonomous County:YA=-16.365+0.682X1+0.409X4+0.162X7(R2=0.791);Nandan County:YB=-12.233+0.703X1+0.177X2+0.171X7(R2=0.807);QuanzhouCounty:YC=-17.644+0.763X1+0.278X3+0.160X4+0.260X7(R2=0.890);Xing’an County:YD=-13.538+0.632X1(R2=0.945).Path analysis and multiple regression analysis jointly showed that shell height had a significant effect on the body weight of C.chinensis at all four collection locations. In summary，shell height and body weight are the major traits that should be referred to during the selection and breeding process of C.chinensis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Chemical Structure，Toxic Effects and Detection Methods of Alternaria Toxins WANG Ran, LI Yuke, YI Yin, TANG Ming Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (3): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.03.001 Abstract （374）      PDF （1477KB）（383）       Knowledge map    Save Alternaria sp.is ubiquitous in nature and a causal agent of various crops，vegetables，and fruits diseases.Alternaria toxins are a general term for different secondary metabolites produced during the Alternaria infection process.The disease mechanism caused by Alternaria toxins is a hot issue in the current research.Alternaria toxins negatively impact subcellular structures，including chloroplast，mitochondria，plasma membrane，nucleus，etc.Based on interaction characteristics of Alternaria and host，Alternaria toxins are classified into host‑specific toxins（HST）and non‑host‑specific toxins（nHST）.This review focuses on the chemical structure，pathogenicity，and detection techniques of important Alternaria toxins，including the similarities and differences of chemical structure characteristics，differences of targets of pathogenicity，and advantages and disadvantages of different detection methods，which could provide reference for the control of Alternaria disease and the development of toxin detection methods. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on Application of Nano‑gene Vector in Plant Genetic Transformation AN Yiwei, LIANG Huihui, ZHONG Chongjia, SUN Dihu, SHENG Jiacheng, ZHANG Zhen, LI Hao, GUO Guanghui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (12): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.12.001 Abstract （402）      PDF （1364KB）（381）       Knowledge map    Save Nano‑gene vector constructed with nanomaterial has special superiority in plant genetic transformation，and has been successfully applied in genetic transformation of a variety of plants.The properties and types of nano‑gene vectors were clarified，the progress on application of inorganic nano‑gene vector，natural polymeric nano‑gene vector and synthetic polymeric nano‑gene vector in plan genetic transformation was reviewed，and the application prospects of nano‑gene vector in plant genetic transformation were forecasted. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Crop Leaf Diseases Based on Improved MobileNetV2 Model WANG Huanxin, SHEN Zhihao, LIU Quan, LIU Jinjiang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 143-151.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.017 Abstract （1251）      PDF （2715KB）（377）       Knowledge map    Save In order to achieve convenient recognition of crop leaf disease images based on mobile，improve the efficiency of crop disease recognition and thus better guide crop disease control，a crop disease recognition model was established based on an improved lightweight convolutional neural network MobileNetV2.First，a crop dataset containing 15 types of diseased leaves and 4 types of healthy leaves was created and the data was balanced using data enhancement operations.Second，based on the improvement of MobileNetV2，efficient channel attention（ECA）and attentional feature fusion（AFF）were introduced，and the redundant layers were removed by model pruning，and a high⁃performance lightweight crop disease recognition model was proposed.The results showed that the number of parameters of the improved MobileNetV2 model was reduced by 15.37% compared with that of MobileNetV2，while the recognition accuracy was improved by 0.9 percentage points to 98.4% compared with that before the improvement.Compared with the classical convolutional neural network models such as EfficientNet⁃b0 and ShuffleNetV2⁃0. 5X，the improved model not only had the highest recognition accuracy，but also had a faster convergence rate during training. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Extraction and Application of Maize Leaf Inclination Angle Using Digital Images BAO Congcong, ZHANG Baolin, NIU Panting, PAN Lijie Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (8): 142-154.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.016 Abstract （237）      PDF （2733KB）（377）       Knowledge map    Save Leaf inclination angle is one of the major features of maize population canopy.The rational distribution of leaf inclination angles is of great importance in light use efficiency and production potential.After digital image processing，including gray‑scale，histogram equalization，median filter，Otsu segmentation，morphological operation，connectivity identification and skeletonization，Freeman codes were used to identify maize stem leaf joints and then leaf inclination angles were extracted.Leaf apex and joints were correctly identified by 94.47% and 93.94%，respectively.The correlation coefficient between observations and calculations of leaf inclination angle was 0.94.This method showed high efficiency and accuracy in leaf inclination angle extraction.Maize leaf inclination angle decreased with the lowering of leaf positions，and increased with the growth of NDVI.The quick and precise extraction of leaf inclination angle will provide scientific basis for phenotype retrieval，growth and development monitoring and agricultural resource use. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Kinds of Plastic Film Mulching on Soil Moisture，Temperature，Foxtail Millet Growth and Yield LUO Shiwu, LI Kai, LAI Xingliang, CHENG Bingwen Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (7): 42-50.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.07.005 Abstract （276）      PDF （1798KB）（373）       Knowledge map    Save In the arid and semi‑arid areas of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region，three kinds of plastic film mulching treatments including water‑permeable plastic film（T1），biodegradable plastic film（T2）and ordinary plastic film（T3）were set up，with open field（T4）planting as control，and the effects of different kinds of plastic film mulching on soil water content，water use efficiency，soil temperature，foxtail millet growth，yield and economic benefit were studied，so as to provide a theoretical basis for the popularization and application of plastic film mulching cultivation techniques in arid and semi‑arid areas of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.The results showed that compared with T4 treatment，each growth stage of T1 and T3 treatments was earlier，the growth period was shortened by 2 d，and the growth period of T2 treatment was prolonged by 5 d.The soil water content order was T1>T3>T2>T4，and the water use efficiency order wasT1>T3>T2>T4.In general，the soil temperature of plastic film mulching treatments was higher than that of T4 treatment at each growth stage. Overall，plastic film mulching increased soil organic total nitrogen，available nitrogen，available potassium contents. Compared with T4 treatment，the leaf SPAD value and dry matter accumulation of foxtail millet of T1，T2 and T3 treatments increased，T1 treatment was the highest，and T3 treatment was the second. The plant height，spike length，spike neck length，spikelet number per spike，grain weight of main spike，main spike weight，1 000‑grain weight and yield of T1，T2 and T3 treatments increased in different ranges. The overall performance of T1 treatment was the best，followed by T3 treatment.Among them，the yield order was T1>T3>T2>T4.Compared with T4 treatment，the yields of T1，T3 and T2 treatments significantly increased by 22.08%，21.77% and 12.30%respectively，there was no significant difference between T1 treatment and T3 treatment，but they were significantly higher than that of T2 treatment.The output‑input ratio order was T1=T3>T4>T2，and the net income order was T1>T3>T4>T2.The output‑input ratio of T1 treatment was 1.81，and the net income was 9 210.6 Yuan/ha，which was 28.69% higher than that of T4 treatment. In summary，T1 treatment was the best，followed by T3 treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Absorption of Germanium in Soils and Its Accumulation Mechanism in Camellia sinensis SU Qiqian, AN Fuquan, YU Longfeng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (4): 1-8.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.001 Abstract （215）      PDF （1291KB）（362）       Knowledge map    Save Camellia sinensis is an economically significant crop in China,which can absorb and utilize germanium,thus promoting its growth and development.Through bioenrichment,Camellia sinensis transforms toxic inorganic germanium(GeO2)into non⁃toxic organic germanium(Ge⁃132).Moreover,the organic germanium can be absorbed by human and is beneficial to health.The application research of germanium in Camellia sinensis is still in the initial stage,and it is important to explore the germanium accumulation mechanism for developping germanium⁃rich tea.Therefore,the distribution of germanium in soil,the relationship between germanium in soil and growth of Camellia sinensis,the absorption and utilization of germanium by Camellia sinensis and the accumulation mechanism of germanium in Camellia sinensis were reviewed,which will provide basic information and theoretical reference for improving the germanium absorption efficiency of Camellia sinensis from soils and planting germanium⁃rich tea in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of miRNAs Related to High Temperature Stress in Maize Pollen and Analysis of Their Target Genes LI Chuan, ZHANG Panpan, ZHANG Meiwei, NIU Jun, MU Weilin, GUO Hanxiao, QIAO Jiangfang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (2): 1-16.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.001 Abstract （2388）      PDF （4835KB）（359）       Knowledge map    Save By using high⁃throughput miRNA sequencing technology，differentially expressed miRNAs were indentified in pollens of high heat tolerant maize variety Zhengdan 958 and low heat tolerant maize variety Xianyu 335 under high temperature stress at flowering stage，their target genes were predicted，and the enrichment analysis of genetic characteristics and metabolic pathways of these target genes were conducted. The results showed that a total of 818 miRNA precursor sequences were identified. Nineteen significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were screened in the group of Zhengdan 958 pollen under high temperature stress compared with the control pollen under normal condition(HT958 vs CK958). Among them，15 miRNA sequences were up⁃regulated，4 miRNA sequences were down⁃regulated，and expression level difference of 3 miRNA sequences reached extremely significant level(P<0.01).The predicted results of target genes of 19 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 503 gene transcripts were obtained，their enriched GO biological process terms included regulation of transcription，DNA⁃templated，microtubule⁃based process，hosphorylation，positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase Ⅱ ，methylation and so on，and the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were glutathione metabolism，carbon metabolism，arachidonic acid metabolism lycolysis/gluconeogenesis，folate biosynthesis and so on. Fiveteen significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were identified in the group of Xianyu 335 pollen under high temperature stress compared with the control pollen(HT335 vs CK335). Among them，7 miRNA sequences were up⁃regulated,8 were down⁃regulated，and the expression level difference of 1 miRNA sequence reached highly significant level(P<0.01).The predicted results of target genes of 15 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 454 gene transcripts were obtained，their enriched GO biological process terms included regulation of transcription，DNA⁃templated，phosphorylation，protein phosphorylation,proteolysis，DNA repair and so on，and the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were other glycan degradation,linoleic acid metabolism,metabolic pathways，thiamine metabolism，protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and so on.Eighty⁃five significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were identified in the group of Zhengdan 958 pollen under high temperature stress compared with Xianyu 335 pollen under high temperature stress(HT985 vs HT335). Among them，35 miRNA sequences were up⁃regulated，50 were down⁃regulated，and expression level difference of 24 miRNA sequences reached extremely significant level(P<0.01). The predicted results of target genes of 85 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 2 286 gene transcripts were obtained，their enriched GO biological process terms included regulation of transcription，DNA⁃templated，phosphorylation,protein phosphorylation,proteolysis,transmembrane transport and so on，the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were sphingolipidmetabolism，starch and sucrose metabolism，other glycan degradation，metabolic pathways，cysteine and methionine metabolism and so on. Ninety⁃four significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were identified in the HT958 vs CK958 group compared with HT335 vs CK335 group. The predicted results of target genes of 94 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 4 569 gene transcripts were obtained.Among them，the expression level difference of 28 miRNA sequences showed extremely significant(P<0.01),including PC⁃3p⁃10069_1143C⁃3p⁃18335_646，zma⁃miR164f⁃5p and so on. The enriched GO biological process terms of target genes of 94 differentially expressed miRNA sequences included regulation of transcription,DNA⁃templated,phosphorylation,protein phosphorylation,protein transport,proteolysis and so on,and the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum，ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes，spliceosome，sphingolipid metabolism，endocytosis and so on. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Extraction and Quality Analysis of Coix Seed Oil CHEN Chao, LÜ Du, TANG Jianbo, HUANG Shan, LI Ying Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 162-169.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.019 Abstract （233）      PDF （1413KB）（355）       Knowledge map    Save In order to obtain high⁃quality coix seed oil and improve the extraction rate of coix seed oil，different organic solvents were selected to extract coix seed oil by using the soxhlet reflux extraction method.The quality of coix seed oil was analyzed from its sensory characteristics，physical and chemical index，fatty acid type and content，and active material content.The results showed that the extraction capacity of the organic solvent was petroleum ether>cyclohexane>methanol>anhydrous ethanol.Coix seed oil extracted by petroleum ether and cyclohexane had good fluidity and was easier to collect.The acid value of cyclohexane extracted coix seed oil was 3.66 mg/g，peroxide value was 0.014 g/100g，iodine value was 72.30 g/100g，saponification value was 126 mg/g，refractive index was 1.449，which were lower than coix seed oil extracted by petroleum ether. Their fatty acid compositions were mainly oleic acid，linoleic acid，palmic acid and stearic acid.Based on the extraction rate and quality index of coix seed oil，the best extraction organic solvent of coix seed oil is cyclohexane，with high extraction rate，and good quality of coix seed oil . Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Intercropping Patterns in Cotton Fields XU Doudou, HE Yunxin, LI Fei, LIU Aiyu, ZHOU Zhonghua Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (6): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.06.001 Abstract （230）      PDF （1286KB）（354）       Knowledge map    Save In order to further improve the economic efficiency of cotton fields and ensure the stability of cotton planting area，adapting to local conditions，changing the cotton cultivation technology，choosing the appropriate planting structure and crop layout have become important measures to promote the high⁃quality development of cotton production.Among them，the theoretical research and application of intercropping patterns in cotton fields have received wide attention.In view of the current research，the main intercropping patterns in cotton fields at home and abroad were summarized，and the advantages of various intercropping patterns in terms of yield increase were summarized.The effects of intercropping patterns on growth and development，photosynthetic characteristics，nutrient uptake and utilization，root morphological characteristics，yield and quality of cotton and soil physical and chemical properties were described.At the same time，the prospect of the application of intercropping patterns was made according to the current problems in the actual production of cotton.This paper will provide reference for future research on the application of intercropping patterns in cotton production in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Combined Stress of High Temperature and Drought on Photosynthetic Physiology of Maize WANG Yakun, LI Hongping, XU Zhenzhen, LIU Tianxue Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 17-23.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.003 Abstract （324）      PDF （2783KB）（351）       Knowledge map    Save The effect of high temperature（H），drought（D）and combined stress of high temperature and drought（HD）on photosynthetic physiology of maize seedling was studied with high temperature‐tolerant Zhengdan 958（ZD958）and high temperature‐sensitive Xianyu 335（XY335）by pot experiment，so as to provide theoretical basis for breeding of excellent maize varieties resistant to high temperature and drought.The results indicated that compared with CK without stress，the chlorophyll content of ZD958 leaves significantly decreased under stresses，there was significant difference among treatments，and the HD treatment showed the greatest reduction.The change of chlorophyll content of XY335 was consistent with that of ZD958，and the influence was greater.The ratio of chlorophyll a to b in ZD958 leaves increased under D and HD conditions，while it increased for XY335 only under HD condition.The net photosynthetic rate，stomatal conductance，transpiration rate，electron transport rate in ZD958 and XY335 leaves all（even significantly）decreased，D treatment had the greatest changes，and the decrements in ZD958 were more than that in XY335 under D and HD conditions.The activity of phosphoenol‐pyruvate carboxylase（PEPCase） in ZD958 leaves significantly increased under H condition，while no obvious changes of that were observed under D and HD conditions，but the activity of ribulose‐1，5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase（Rubisco） significantly decreased under D and HD conditions.The activity of PEPCase in XY335 leaves decreased compared with CK under stresses，and the decrement of HD treatment was the greatest.The activity of Rubisco in XY335 leaves significantly decreased compared with CK under stresses，and the decrement of D treatment was the greatest. Overall，D and HD stresses have greater influence on photosynthetic physiology of maize seedling，and different varieties have different responses to the above three kinds of stress. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics