Effects of Different Selenium Application Methods on Physiological Characteristics，Yield and Quality of Flax

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.11.005

Abstract

Abstract: To explore the optimal selenium application method for flax，Tongya 16（TY16）and Jinya 10（JY10）were used as test materials.Seven treatments were set up：a control（CK，seeds not coated with Na₂SeO₃ and no foliar selenium sprayed during the growing period），seed coating with selenium［coating 100 g seeds with 0.1 g，0.3 g，and 0.5 g Na₂SeO₃］and foliar selenium applications（10，50，and 90 g/ha Na₂SeO₃）. The effects of different selenium application methods on agronomic traits，photosynthetic physiology，yield，and quality of flax were measured.The results showed that foliar spraying of selenium was overall superior to seed coating in promoting flax yield formation，improving physiological functions，and enhancing seed quality. Among them，foliar spraying with 50 g/ha Na₂SeO₃ had the best yield‑increasing effect，raising yield by 9.64%—9.91% compared to CK，and surpassing the best seed coating treatment（100 g seeds coated with 0.3 g Na₂SeO₃）by 1.59%—1.64%.This yield increase mainly stemmed from increases in the number of fruits per plant and seeds per fruit. This treatment also maximized leaf net photosynthetic rate（Pn），stomatal conductance（Gs），and superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity，while significantly reduced malondialdehyde（MDA）content. In terms of selenium enrichment efficiency，foliar spraying was also remarkably effective；at 90 g/ha，the selenium content in seeds of both varieties was 18.40—25.05 times higher than in CK，whereas the highest enrichment multiple for seed coating was 14.33—22.50 times. Quality analysis showed that foliar spraying with 50 g/haNa2SeO3 significantly enhanced the contents of linoleic acid and linolenic acid compared to seed coating treatments. Considering both yield and quality effects，foliar application of 50 g/haNa₂SeO₃ is an optimal agronomic measure for achieving safe and efficient biofortification of flax.

Key words: Flax, Selenium application method, Foliar spraying, Seed dressing, Physiological characteristics, Yield, Quality

摘要： 为探索胡麻适宜的施硒方式，以同亚16号（TY16）和晋亚10号（JY10）为供试材料，设置种子不拌Na₂SeO₃+生育期内叶面不喷硒（对照，CK）、种子拌硒［100 g种子拌Na₂SeO₃ 0.1 g、0.3 g、0.5 g］、叶面施硒（10、50、90 g/hm² Na₂SeO₃）共7个处理，测定不同施硒方式对胡麻农艺性状、光合生理、产量及品质的影响。结果表明，叶面喷硒在促进胡麻产量形成、改善生理机能及提升籽粒品质方面总体优于种子拌硒。其中，2个品种在叶面喷施50 g/hm² Na₂SeO₃处理下增产效果最佳，较CK提高9.64%~9.91%，高于最优种子拌硒处理（100 g种子拌Na₂SeO₃ 0.3 g）1.59%~1.64%，其增产效应主要源于单株果数和每果粒数的增加；该处理还使叶片净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性达到最高峰值，并显著降低丙二醛（MDA）含量。在硒富集效率方面，叶面喷硒效果同样显著，90 g/hm²处理下两品种籽粒硒含量较CK 提高了18.40~25.05 倍，而种子拌硒处理最高可增加为14.33~22.50 倍。品质分析显示，50 g/hm²叶面喷硒对胡麻籽粒亚油酸和亚麻酸含量的提升幅度显著优于种子拌硒处理。综合考量产量与品质效应，叶面施用50 g/hm² Na₂SeO₃是实现胡麻安全高效硒生物强化的优化农业措施。

关键词: 胡麻, 施硒方式, 叶面喷施, 拌种, 生理特性, 产量, 品质

CLC Number:

S565.9

WANG Wenxia, XIE Anqi, XIA Qing, ZHI Hui, DU Jie. Effects of Different Selenium Application Methods on Physiological Characteristics，Yield and Quality of Flax[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(11): 40-49.

王文霞, 谢安琦, 夏清, 智慧, 杜杰. 不同施硒方式对胡麻生理特性、产量和品质的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2025, 54(11): 40-49.

Figures/Tables 6

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