Abstract: To clarify the occurrence of malignant weeds in soybean fields in Henan Province and identify herbicides for controlling harmful broadleaf weeds therein，field surveys were carried out to statistically analyze the weed community in 19 major soybean⁃producing regions of Henan Province，and laboratory bioassays were performed to evaluate the activity of 11 soil treatment herbicides and 14 foliar treatment herbicides against the malignant weeds in soybean fields，including C.melo，C.argentea，C.communis，and A.retroflexus.The results of weed community survey showed that 8 weed species，including D.sanguinalis，A.australis，T.aestivum，A.retroflexus，E.indica，C.melo，P.oleracea，and E.crus‑galli，had a relative abundance of over 20% in soybean fields，while the relative abundance of A. theophrasti，E. prostrata，C.argentea，V.radiata，S.viridis，and C.ficifolium ranged from 3% to 20%.The results of laboratory bioassays indicated that the soil treatment herbicides metribuzin，prometryn，pyroxasulfone，and foliar treatment herbicides such as glufosinate⁃ammonium，lactofen，fluoroglycofen⁃ethyl，and MCPA⁃Na had high efficacy against C.melo.The soil treatment herbicides metribuzin，prometryn，oxyfluorfen，pyroxasulfone，flumioxazin，and s⁃metolachlor，along with foliar treatment herbicides such as fomesafen，bentazone，glyphosate，imazamox，glufosinate⁃ammonium，and imazethapyr exhibited high efficacy against C.argentea.For C.communis，only acetochlor with different application amounts showed higher efficacy and fluroxypyr had high control efficacy on it among foliar treatment herbicides.The soil treatment herbicides acetochlor，flufenacet⁃methyl，metribuzin，and pyroxasulfone，along with foliar treatment herbicides such as MCPA⁃Na，imazethapyr，and lactofen showed high efficacy against A.retroflexus.In conclusion，eight weeds species including D.sanguinalis，A.australis，A.retroflexus，and C.melo were the dominant noxious weeds in soybean fields of Henan Province. Metribuzin had the best pre⁃emergence control effect on C.melo and C.argentea，while acetochlor exhibited the best pre⁃emergence control effect against C.communis and A.retroflexus.The most effective foliar herbicides for C.melo，C.argentea，C.communis，and A.retroflexus were glufosinate⁃ammonium，fomesafen，fluroxypyr，and MCPA⁃Na，respectively.

Key words: Soybean, Weed, High efficiency, Herbicide, Screening

摘要： 为明确河南省大豆田恶性杂草发生情况，筛选大豆田恶性阔叶杂草防治药剂，通过实地调查方式对河南省19个大豆主产区进行杂草群落统计，并通过室内生物活性测定法评估11种土壤封闭除草剂及14种茎叶处理除草剂对大豆田恶性杂草马泡瓜、青葙、鸭跖草、反枝苋的防治效果。杂草群落调查结果表明，马唐、铁苋、自生麦苗、反枝苋、牛筋草、马泡瓜、马齿苋、稗草8种杂草在大豆田的相对多度均大于20%，苘麻、鳢肠、青葙、野绿豆、狗尾草、小藜的相对多度在3%~20%。室内生物活性测定结果表明，封闭除草剂嗪草酮、扑草净、砜吡草唑和茎叶处理剂草铵膦、乳氟禾草灵、乙羧氟草醚、2甲4氯钠盐对马泡瓜的防效较高；封闭除草剂嗪草酮、扑草净、乙氧氟草醚、砜吡草唑、丙炔氟草胺、精异丙甲草胺和茎叶处理剂氟磺胺草醚、灭草松、草甘膦、甲氧咪草烟、草铵膦、咪唑乙烟酸对青葙防效较高；封闭除草剂仅乙草胺不同用量对鸭跖草的防效均较高，茎叶处理剂氯氟吡氧乙酸对鸭跖草防效较高；封闭除草剂乙草胺、氟噻草胺、嗪草酮、砜吡草唑和茎叶处理剂2甲4氯钠盐、咪唑乙烟酸、乳氟禾草灵对反枝苋防效较高。综上，马唐、铁苋、反枝苋、马泡瓜等8种杂草为河南省大豆田的主要优势杂草；嗪草酮对马泡瓜和青葙的封闭效果最好，乙草胺对鸭跖草和反枝苋的封闭效果最好；对马泡瓜、青葙、鸭跖草、反枝苋防效最好的茎叶处理剂分别为草铵膦、氟磺胺草醚、氯氟吡氧乙酸、2甲4氯钠盐。

关键词: 大豆, 杂草, 高效, 除草剂, 筛选