河南农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (5): 73-82.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2026.05.008

• 农业资源与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同有机物料等碳量施用对大白菜产量及土壤肥力的影响

孟祥启1，董艳红2，李旭霖1，韩增辉1，张世民1，郑淑云1，刘俊豪1，马垒3，李增强1   

  1. （1.青岛农业大学 资源与环境学院，山东 青岛 266109;2.山东省农业技术推广中心，山东 济南 250100;3.山东省农业科学院 农业资源与环境研究所，山东 济南 250013）
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-29 接受日期:2025-12-18 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-06-01
  • 通讯作者: 李增强，副教授，博士，主要从事土壤肥力提升与微生物生态研究。E-mail：lizengqiang789@163.com
  • 作者简介:孟祥启，在读硕士研究生，研究方向：胶东菜地土壤肥力提升。E-mail：2353932201@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    青岛农业大学高层次人才启动基金项目（665/1121014）

Effects of Different Organic Materials with Equal Carbon Application on the Yield of Chinese Cabbage and Soil Fertility

MENG Xiangqi1，DONG Yanhong2，LI Xulin1，HAN Zenghui1，ZHANG Shimin1，ZHENG Shuyun1，LIU Junhao1，MA Lei3，LI Zengqiang1   

  1. （1.College of Resources and Environment，Qingdao Agricultural University，Qingdao 266109，China；2.Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center，Jinan 250100，China；3.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment，Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Jinan 250013，China）
  • Received:2025-10-29 Accepted:2025-12-18 Published:2026-05-15 Online:2026-06-01

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摘要： 于2023—2024年设置大田试验，以N-P2O5-K2O为15-15-15的复合肥750 kg/hm2作为基肥，在此基础上设置等碳量（2 651 kg/hm2）外源有机物料添加处理：添加香菇渣（GZ）、牛粪（CM）、玉米秸秆（MS）、商品有机肥（OF）和生物炭（BC），研究其对大白菜产量及土壤养分含量、有机碳组分含量以及酶活性的影响，以提高大白菜产量和土壤肥力。结果表明，与不施用有机肥（CK）相比，2023年，GZ、CM、MS、OF 和BC 处理的大白菜产量分别提高了113.7%、66.4%、49.2%、82.7%、163.3%（p<0.05）；2024年，GZ、CM、MS、OF和BC处理的大白菜产量分别提高了124.6%、78.5%、24.0%、106.5%、146.4%（p<0.05）。与CK相比，GZ处理的全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别提高了89.0%、86.2%、68.0%、143.7%（p<0.05），BC处理的pH值、全氮、碱解氮和速效钾含量分别提高了4.5%、49.4%、132.7%、374.0%（p<0.05）。BC处理的总有机碳、易氧化有机碳、颗粒有机碳和矿质结合态有机碳含量分别比CK处理高72.0%、165.7%、224.0%、106.1%（p<0.05）。GZ和MS处理的总有机碳含量分别比CK处理高29.7%、31.3%（p<0.05），矿质结合态有机碳含量比CK处理高39.3%、15.6%（p<0.05）。CM、BC处理的碳库管理指数均显著高于CK处理。与CK相比，OF、BC处理的脲酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性分别降低了31.8%、38.5%和17.5%、26.8%（p<0.05），GZ、CM和MS处理的酸性磷酸酶活性则分别提高了29.6%、50.1%、59.9%（p<0.05）。相关分析结果表明，大白菜产量与土壤速效钾、总有机碳和矿质结合态有机碳含量呈显著正相关关系，与脲酶活性呈极显著负相关关系。此外，脲酶活性与碱解氮含量呈显著负相关关系。综上，设置试验条件下，施用生物炭是提高大白菜产量和土壤肥力的较好措施。

关键词: 大白菜, 有机物料, 生物炭, 土壤养分, 土壤有机碳, 土壤酶活性

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted from 2023 to 2024，with 750 kg/ha compound fertilizer with N‐P2O5‐K2O of 15‐15‐15 as base fertilizer.On this basis，equal carbon amount（2 651 kg/ha）of exogenous organic material addition treatments were set up：adding shiitake mushroom residue（GZ），cow dung（CM），corn straw（MS），commercial organic fertilizer（OF）and biochar（BC）.The effects on the yield of Chinese cabbage and soil nutrient content，organic carbon component content and enzyme activity were studied，in order to improve the yield and soil fertility of Chinese cabbage. The results showed that compared with the control（CK），the yield of Chinese cabbage treated with GZ，CM，MS，OF and BC in 2023 increased by 113.7%，66.4%，49.2%，82.7%，and 163.3%（p<0.05），respectively.In 2024，the yield of Chinese cabbage treated with GZ，CM，MS，OF and BC increased by 124.6%，78.5%，24.0%，106.5%，and 146.4%（p<0.05），respectively. Compared with CK，the contents of total nitrogen，alkali‐hydrolyabl nitrogen，available phosphorus and available potassium content in GZ treatment increased by 89.0%，86.2%，68.0% and 143.7%（p<0.05），respectively，while the pH，total nitrogen，alkali‐hydrolyabl nitrogen and available potassium content of BC treatment increased by 4.5%，49.4%，132.7% and 374.0%（p<0.05），respectively.The contents of total organic carbon，labile organic carbon content，particulate organic carbon content and mineral‐associated organic carbon content in BC treatment were 72.0%，165.7%，224.0% and 106.1% higher than those in CK treatment（p<0.05），respectively.The total organic carbon content of GZ and MS treatments was 29.7% and 31.3%（p<0.05）higher than that of CK treatment，respectively，and the content of mineral‐associated organic carbon was 39.3% and 15.6%（p<0.05）higher than that of CK treatment.The carbon stock management indices under CM and BC treatments were both significantly higher than that under CK treatment. Compared with CK，urease activity and β‐glucosidase activity of OF and BC treatments were reduced by 31.8%，38.5%，17.5% and 26.8%（p<0.05），respectively，while the acid phosphatase activities of GZ，CM and MS treatments were increased by 29.6%，50.1% and 59.9%（p<0.05），respectively.The results of correlation analysis showed that the yield of Chinese cabbage was significantly positively correlated with soil available potassium，total organic carbon and mineral‐associated organic carbon contents，and extremely negatively correlated with urease activity.In addition，urease activity was significantly negatively correlated with alkali‐hydrolyabl nitrogen content.In conclusion，under the conditions of this experiment，biochar application is a good measure to improve the yield and soil fertility of Chinese cabbage.

Key words: Chinese cabbage, Organic material, Biochar, Soil nutrient, Soil organic carbon, Soil enzyme activity

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