河南农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (5): 35-42.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2026.05.004

• 玉米栽培专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

种植模式对不同夏玉米品种农艺性状、籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响

MU Weilin1,2，GUO Hanxiao1,2，YAN Zhenhua1,2，YU Ting1,2，ZHANG Meiwei1,2，ZHANG Panpan1,2，LI Chuan1,2，NIU Jun1,2，QIAO Jiangfang1,2
  

  1. （1.河南省农业科学院 粮食作物研究所，河南 郑州 450002；2.河南省玉米绿色精准生产国际联合实验室，河南 郑州 450002）
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-08 接受日期:2026-02-27 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-06-01
  • 通讯作者: 乔江方，副研究员，博士，主要从事玉米高产栽培研究。E-mail：qiaojf@126.com
  • 作者简介:穆蔚林，硕士，主要从事玉米抗逆相关研究。E-mail：muweilin07@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省重大科技专项（241100110300，231100110200）；河南省玉米产业技术体系建设项目（HARS-22-02-G2）；河南省农业科学院科技创新团队项目（2024TD31）；中央引导地方科技发展资金项目（Z20241471133）；国家重点研发计划项目（2025YFD2300503）；河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所自主创新项目（26SCX-07）

Effects of Planting Patterns on Agronomic Traits，Grain Filling Characteristics and Yield of Different Summer Maize Varieties

穆蔚林1,2，郭涵潇1,2，闫振华1,2，宇婷1,2，张美微1,2，张盼盼1,2，李川1,2，牛军1,2，乔江方1,2   

  1. （1.Cereal Crops Institute，Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Zhengzhou 450002，China；2.Henan International Joint Laboratory of Maize Precision Production，Zhengzhou 450002，China）
  • Received:2026-01-08 Accepted:2026-02-27 Published:2026-05-15 Online:2026-06-01

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摘要： 选取黄淮海夏播区主栽夏玉米品种京科938（JK938）和登海605（DH605）为试验材料，设置等行距（60 cm）单作（ER）、宽窄行（80 cm + 40 cm）单作（WNR）以及2∶2宽窄行间作（WNRI）3种处理，研究其对农艺性状、干物质积累、籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响，旨在筛选适宜2个品种的高产高效种植模式，为玉米栽培技术的优化提供理论依据与实践参考。结果表明，JK938和DH605株高和穗位高均表现为WNR>WNRI>ER；JK938和DH605籽粒干质量和收获指数总体上均表现为WNRI>WNR>ER，WNRI处理收获指数分别较ER处理显著提高20.75%和19.61%。JK938和DH605最大灌浆速率出现的时间、最大灌浆速率出现时的灌浆量、最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率均以ER处理最大，活跃灌浆期总体上以WNRI处理最长，分别较ER处理延长10.12 d和20.28 d。开花后50 d，JK938和DH605百粒质量均以WNRI处理最大。JK938和DH605产量均表现为WNRI>WNR>ER，WNRI处理分别较ER处理显著提高4.38%和4.05%，且DH605在WNRI处理无秃尖。综上，在黄淮海夏玉米产区，JK938与DH605采用2∶2宽窄行间作模式，能够协调群体结构，提升光合产物向籽粒的分配效率，延长活跃灌浆期，进而促进玉米产量提高。

关键词: 夏玉米, 种植模式, 基因型, 间作, 籽粒灌浆特性, 产量

Abstract: The main summer maize varieties Jingke 938（JK938）and Denghai 605（DH605）in Huang‐Huai‐Hai summer maize production area were selected as experimental materials，three treatments were set up，namely，single cropping with equal row spacing（60 cm，ER），single cropping with wide and narrow rows（80 cm+40 cm，WNR）and intercropping with 2∶2 wide and narrow rows（WNRI），and the effects of planting patterns on agronomic traits，grain filling characteristics and yield of different summer maize varieties were studied，so as to screen the high‐yield and high‐efficiency planting patterns suitable for two varieties，and provide theoretical basis and practical reference for the optimization of maize cultivation techniques.The results showed that the plant height and panicle position height of JK938 and DH605 all exhibited WNR>WNRI>ER.The dry grain weight and harvest index of JK938 and DH605 generally exhibited WNRI>WNR>ER，and the harvest index of WNRI treatment significantly increased by 20.75% and 19.61% respectively，compared with ER treatment. For JK938 and DH605，the time when the maximum filling rate appeared，the filling amount when the maximum filling rate appeared，the maximum filling rate and the average filling rate were the largest under ER treatment，and the active filling period was generally the longest under WNRI treatment，which was 10.12 d and 20.28 d longer than ER treatment respectively.At 50 days after anthesis，the 100‐grain weight of JK938 and DH605 were the highest under WNRI treatment.The orders of yields of JK938 and DH605 were WNRI>WNR>ER，and WNRI treatment significantly increased by 4.38% and 4.05% respectively，compared with ER
treatment. DH605 had no bald tip under WNRI treatment.To sum up，in Huang‐Huai‐Hai summer maize production area，for JK938 and DH605，intercropping with 2∶2 wide and narrow rows can coordinate the population structure，mprove the distribution efficiency of photosynthetic products to grains，prolong the active filling period，and then promote the increase of maize yield.

Key words: Summer maize, Planting pattern, Genotype, Intercropping, Grain filling characteristics, Yield

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