河南农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (8): 99-106.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.012

• 园艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

低钾条件下不同基因型甜瓜产量、品质及钾素吸收利用差异分析

康利允,李晓慧,高宁宁,梁慎,李海伦,王慧颖,常高正,徐小利,赵卫星
  

  1. (河南省农业科学院园艺研究所,河南 郑州 450002)
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-19 出版日期:2022-08-15 发布日期:2022-09-23
  • 通讯作者: 赵卫星(1978-),男,河南上蔡人,副研究员,博士,主要从事西甜瓜育种及栽培生理研究。E-mail:wxzhao2008@163.com
  • 作者简介:康利允(1981-),女,河南滑县人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事西甜瓜育种及营养生理研究。E-mail:kangliyun2004@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-25);河南省西甜瓜产业技术体系建设项目(HARS-22-10-G1);河南省科技攻关项目(212102110122);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2022ZC25)

Analysis of Yield,Quality and Potassium Absorption and Utilization of Different Genotypes of Melon under Low Potassium Condition

KANG Liyun,LI Xiaohui,GAO Ningning,LIANG Shen,LI Hailun,WANG Huiying,CHANG Gaozheng,XU Xiaoli,ZHAO Weixing   

  1. (Institute of Horticulture,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
  • Received:2022-02-19 Published:2022-08-15 Online:2022-09-23

摘要: 为探寻低钾条件下不同基因型甜瓜产量、品质及钾素吸收的差异,采用大田试验,以甜瓜耐低钾型品种(系)雪蜜和将军玉、低钾敏感型品种(系)T221和T120为试验材料,研究了低钾(0 kg/hm2,LK)和适钾(300 kg/hm2,CK)2种条件下甜瓜产量、品质、钾素积累与分配及钾效率的差异。结果表明,与CK相比,低钾处理T221和T120的产量、中心和边部可溶性固形物、固酸比、可溶性蛋白、维生素C含量均显著降低(P<0.05),分别降低了7.62%、15.85%、16.54%、26.24%、14.39%、23.51% 和10.22%、14.42%、17.82%、24.99%、18.97%、27.80%,可滴定酸含量的变化趋势则相反,显著增加了12.86%和14.00%(P<0.05),雪蜜和将军玉差异均不显著;与CK相比,低钾处理T221和T120的茎、叶、果、植株钾积累量均显著降低(P<0.05),分别降低了17.94%、20.32%、24.02%、21.49%和20.58%、18.96%、23.26%、21.44%,而雪蜜和将军玉差异均不显著;雪蜜和将军玉较T221和T120钾素利用效率显著增加(P<0.05),平均增加了73.67%,而钾素生产效率及钾肥利用率则显著降低(P<0.05),平均分别降低了21.76%和55.37%,表明在低钾条件下雪蜜和将军玉亦能吸收利用更多的钾素,获得较高的产量和品质,且能将吸收的钾素更多地转移到果实中。综上分析,雪蜜和将军玉对钾肥反应不敏感,适合低钾条件下种植,针对耐低钾型品种可适当减少钾肥投入,节约成本,减少污染,从而实现甜瓜高产高效栽培。

关键词: 甜瓜, 耐低钾, 产量, 品质, 吸收, 利用

Abstract: To explore the differences in yield,quality and potassium absorption of different genotypes of melon under low potassium condition,the field experiment was conducted with low potassium tolerant varieties(lines)Xuemi and Jiangjunyu and low potassium sensitive varieties(lines)T221 and T120 of melon as test materials. The differences of yield,quality,potassium accumulation and distribution and potassium utilization efficiency of melon under low potassium(0 kg/ha,LK)and appropriate potassium(300 kg/ha,CK)were studied. The results showed that,compared with CK,the yield,central and edge soluble solids,solid⁃to⁃acid ratio,soluble protein,and vitamin C content of T221 and T120 in low potassium treatment were significantly reduced(P<0.05) by 7.62%,15.85%,16.54%,26.24%,14.39%,23.51% and 10.22%,14.42%,17.82%,24.99%,18.97%,27.80%,respectively,and the titratable acid content had the opposite trend,with a significant increase of 12.86% and 14.00%(P<0. 05),while the differences of Xuemi and Jiangjunyu were not significant.Compared with CK,the potassium accumulation of stems,leaves,fruits and plants of T221 and T120 in low potassium treatment was significantly reduced(P<0.05)by 17.94%,20.32%,24.02%,21.49% and 20.58%,18.96%,23.26%,21.44%,respectively,while Xuemi and Jiangjunyu were not significantly different. Xuemi and Jiangjunyu significantly increased potassium utilization efficiency compared with T221 and T120(P<0.05),with an increase of 73.67%,while the potassium production efficiency and potassium fertilizer utilization rate were significantly reduced(P<0.05),which decreased by 21.76% and 55.37%,respectively,indicating that Xuemi and Jiangjunyu could absorb and utilize more potassium,obtain higher yield and quality,and transfer more absorbed potassium to the fruit under low potassium condition.Based on the above analysis,Xuemi and Jiangjunyu were not sensitive to potash fertilizer and were suitable for planting under low⁃potassium conditions.For low potassium tolerant varieties,potash input can be appropriately reduced for cost savings and pollution reduction,so as to achieve high⁃yield and high⁃efficiency cultivation of melon.

Key words: Melon, Tolerance to low potassium, Yield, Quality, Absorption, Use

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