河南农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (3): 30-37.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.03.004

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

施氮量对不同优质籼稻品种(系)产量、氮肥利用效率和品质的影响

聂新星1,张敏敏1,段小丽1,吴茂前2,冯敬云1,刘波1,周雷3,杨利1   

  1. (1.农业农村部废弃物肥料化利用重点实验室/湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,湖北 武汉 430064;2.农业农村部潜江农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站,湖北 潜江 433116;3.湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,湖北 武汉 430064)
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-23 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2022-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 杨利(1965-),男,湖北潜江人,研究员,主要从事高效施肥与土壤改良研究。E-mail:516416134@qq.com
  • 作者简介:聂新星(1990-),男,湖北宜昌人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事土壤修复和优质稻栽培研究。E-mail:niexxing@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    湖北省农业科技创新中心项目(2020-620-000-002-01)

Effect of Nitrogen Application Rate on Yield,Nitrogen UtilizationEfficiency and Quality of Different Indica Rice Varieties(Lines)with High Quality

NIE Xinxing1,ZHANG Minmin1,DUAN Xiaoli1,WU Maoqian2,FENG Jingyun1,LIU Bo1,ZHOU Lei3,YANG Li1   

  1. (1.Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China;2.Qianjiang Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro⁃environment and Arable Land Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qianjiang 433116,China;3.Institute of Food Crops,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China)
  • Received:2021-08-23 Published:2022-03-15 Online:2022-05-20

摘要: 采用裂区试验设计,以0、100、140、180 kg/hm2 4个施氮水平(分别命名为N0、N100、N140、N180)为主区,以3个湖北主栽或新育成优质籼稻品种(系)丰两优4号、巨2优60、E两优263为裂区,研究不同施氮量下3个水稻品种(系)产量、氮肥利用效率和稻米品质的变化,为优质稻生产中氮高效利用品种的选择及氮肥合理施用提供参考。结果表明,施用氮肥后丰两优4号、巨2优60和E两优263分别增产12.3%~18.8%、33.5%~50.3% 和24.1%~39.4%,且在N140和N180处理时,水稻产量表现为巨2优60和E两优263相近,均高于丰两优4号,产量增加的主要原因是有效穗数的提高。随着施氮量增加,3个籼稻品种(系)仅氮肥偏生产力显著降低。整体来看,巨2优60的氮肥农学效率和氮肥生理利用率高于丰两优4号和E两优263;E两优263的氮肥利用率高于丰两优4号和巨2优60;巨2优60和E两优263的氮肥偏生产力相近,均高于丰两优4号。施氮后3个籼稻品种(系)稻米蛋白质含量均显著增加,以E两优263 N180处理蛋白质含量最高,为9.7%。此外,施氮能够显著降低丰两优4号稻米胶稠度;显著提高巨2优60的糙米率、精米率,总体显著降低其垩白度;在N140处理时显著提高E两优263整精米率和垩白度;在N180处理时显著提高丰两优4号精米率、巨2优60整精米率,显著降低巨2优60胶稠度;稻米长宽比、直链淀粉含量均未见显著变化。整体来看,E两优263的垩白粒率、垩白度、胶稠度和蛋白质含量最高,丰两优4号次之;丰两优4号和巨2优60的直链淀粉含量相近,均高于E两优263;3个籼稻品种(系)在糙米率、精米率、整精米率和长宽比等指标方面相近。综上,巨2优60和E两优263更能兼顾产量和氮肥利用效率的提高,不同稻米品质指标对施氮量的响应在3个籼稻品种(系)间存在差异。

关键词: 优质籼稻, 施氮量, 氮肥利用效率, 产量, 品质

Abstract: In order to investigate the variation of yield,nitrogen utilization efficiency and quality of three indica rice varieties(lines)which were newly bred or mainly cultivated in Hubei Province under different nitrogen application rates and provide a theoretical basis for selecting nitrogen efficient varieties and rational application of nitrogen fertilizer in high⁃quality rice production,a split plot experiment was set.In the experiment,the nitrogen application rates(0,100,140,180 kg/ha,named as N0,N100,N140,N180 respectively)were used as the main plot,and three high⁃quality indica rice varieties(lines)including Fengliangyou 4,Ju2you60 and Eliangyou 263 were used as split block. The results showed that the application of nitrogen increased yields of Fengliangyou 4,Ju2you60 and Eliangyou 263 by 12.3%—18.8%,33.5%—50.3% and 24.1%—39.4% respectively.The yield order was Ju2you60≈ Eliangyou 263>Fengliangyou 4 under N140 and N180 treatments,and the main reason for the increase of yield was the increase of effective panicles number. With the increase of nitrogen application rate,only the partial factor productivity of nitrogen of the three indica rice varieties(lines)decreased significantly.On the whole,the agronomic efficiency and physiological use efficiency of nitrogen of Ju2You60 were higher than those of Fengliangyou 4 and Eliangyou 263,and the nitrogen use efficiency of Eliangyou 263 was higher than that of Fengliangyou 4 and Ju2you60. The partial factor productivity of nitrogen of Ju2you60 and Eliangyou 263 were almost the same,which were higher than that of Fengliangyou 4.The application of nitrogen significantly increased the protein content of three indica rice varieties(lines),and the protein content of Eliangyou 263 was the highest under N180 treatment,reaching 9.7%.In addition,nitrogen application significantly reduced the gel consistency of Fengliangyou 4;significantly increased the brown rice rate and polished rice rate,and decreased the chalkiness degree of Ju2you60;significantly increased the head rice rate and chalkiness degree of Eliangyou 263 under N140 treatment;significantly increased the polished rice rate of Fengliangyou 4,head rice rate of Ju2you60,and decreased the gel consistency of Ju2you60 under N180 treatment.However,the length⁃width ratio and amylose content of the three indica rice varieties(lines)did not change significantly after application of nitrogen.As a whole,Eliangyou 263 had the highest chalky grain rate,chalkiness degree,gel consistency and protein content,followed by Fengliangyou 4;Fengliangyou 4 and Ju2you60 had similar amylose content,which was higher than that of Eliangyou 263;the three indica rice varieties(lines)were similar in brown rice rate,polished rice rate,head rice rate and length⁃width ratio. In summary,Ju2you60 and Eliangyou 263 combined high yield and high nitrogen efficiency compared with Fengliangyou 4,but the response of the rice quality indexes to nitrogen application rate among the three rice varieties(lines)was different.

Key words: High?quality indica rice, Nitrogen application rate, Nitrogen utilization efficiency, Yield, Quality

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