关键词: 骏枣, 保花保果药剂, 光合特性, 产量, 品质, 喷施模式, 无人机

Abstract: With Jun jujube as the material，under the modes of UAV（unmanned aerial vehicle）and agricultural machinery vehicle，the compound chemicals including gibberellic acid，boron fertilizer，brassinolide and Zuoguoling were used to spray on the leaves of Jun jujube at the flowering stage.There were five treatments：W1，W2，W3，T and CK. Among them，W was the UAV spraying mode and W1 was 100% dosage（175.0 mg/L gibberellic acid +90 mg/L boron fertilizer +70 mg/L brassinolide +200 mg/L Zuoguoling），W2 and W3 were reduced to 70% and 50% respectively on this basis. T was the spraying mode of agricultural machinery vehicle，and the dosage was 15.0 mg/L gibberellic acid + 12 mg/L boron fertilizer + 6 mg/L brassinolide + 30 mg/L Zuoguoling. With the artificial spraying of clean water as the control（CK），the effects of flower and fruit preservation agents on leaf photosynthetic characteristics，yield and fruit quality of Jun jujube under different spraying modes were studied，to provide a scientific basis for replacing the traditional spraying mode with UAV spraying in the link of flower and fruit protection of jujube trees in southern Xinjiang. The results showed that，on the whole，the net photosynthetic rate（Pn），transpiration rate（Tr），stomatal conductance（Gs） and intercellular CO₂ concentration（Ci）of Jun jujube leaves treated with W3 were higher，the photosynthetic characteristics of Jun jujube leaves in T treatment were lower，and the water use efficiency（WUE）of W1 treatment was higher than that of other treatments. Compared with CK，the fruit setting rate of W1，W2，W3 and T treatments significantly increased by 97.6%，87.2%，130.4% and 158.3%，respectively，and the fruit yields significantly increased by 93.6%，78.6%，108.9% and 121.4% respectively. There was no significant difference in fruit setting rate and fruit yield between W3 and T treatments. In terms of fruit quality，the single fruit quality，vertical diamete and horizontal diameter of jujube treated with W1 were higher，which increased by 49.2%，7.6%，17.5% compared with CK，but the fruit shape index decreased. The fruit shape index of T treatment was the highest（1.58）. Compared with CK，W2 treatment significantly increased the contents of soluble protein and cellulose in jujube fruit，and W3 treatment increased the content of cellulose in jujube fruit. In conclusion，although the output of agricultural machinery vehicle spraying mode is slightly higher than that of UAV spraying mode，but the UAV spraying mode is safer and more efficient，and the UAV spraying mode with appropriate concentration treatment（W3） can effectively enhance the photosynthesis of jujube trees and increase fruit yield.Therefore，UAV spraying can be preferentially recommended in the efficient cultivation and management of dwarf and densely planted jujube garden in Xinjiang.

Key words: Jun jujube, Flower and fruit preservation agent, Photosynthetic characteristics, Yield, Quality, Spraying mode, UAV