河南农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (12): 103-110.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.12.011

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同密度伴生麦对小麦光合特性和产量的影响

孙兰兰1,李静2,薛飞1,徐洪乐1,吴仁海1,苏旺苍1   

  1. (1.河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所/河南省农作物病虫害防治重点实验室,河南郑州450002;2.民权县农业农村局,河南商丘476800)
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-26 出版日期:2021-12-15 发布日期:2022-01-28
  • 通讯作者: 苏旺苍(1981-),男,河南内黄人,副研究员,博士,主要从事农田杂草防控研究。E-mail:suwangcang@126.com
  • 作者简介:孙兰兰(1983-),女,河南开封人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事农田杂草防控研究。E-mail:sunjgs@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U1804105);河南省自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(212300410171);河南省属重点院所科研发展专项(2021TD18);河南省农业科学院自主选题项目(2021ZC41)

Effect of Volunteer Wheat at Different Densities on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Cultivated Wheat

SUN Lanlan1,LI Jing2,XUE Fei1,XU Hongle1,WU Renhai1,SU Wangcang1   

  1. (1.Institute of Plant Protection,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control,Zhengzhou 450002,China;2.Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Minquan County,Shangqiu 476800,China)
  • Received:2021-07-26 Published:2021-12-15 Online:2022-01-28

摘要: 为了解伴生麦胁迫导致小麦产量降低的生理机制,以伴生麦和栽培小麦矮抗58、周麦26为材料,采用田间试验研究了不同密度[0(CK)、10、40、100、200株/m2]伴生麦胁迫对小麦拔节期、扬花期和灌浆期叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD值)、光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数及产量的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,伴生麦密度为10~200株/m2时,小麦拔节期、扬花期、灌浆期叶片SPAD值均受到不同程度的抑制,其中在伴生麦200株/m2 处理下,矮抗58和周麦26在拔节期、扬花期、灌浆期的SPAD值分别下降20.05%、13.79%、8.34%和15.46%、9.12%、8.65%。扬花期,在伴生麦密度为200株/m2 时矮抗58和周麦26的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔限制值(Ls)均显著下降。灌浆期,随着伴生麦密度增加,矮抗58和周麦26的Pn、Gs、Ci、Tr、Ls、PSⅡ实际光化学量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)、光合电子传递速率(ETR)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)总体上较CK显著降低,而非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)则显著升高。伴生麦胁迫下矮抗58和周麦26的产量均较CK显著降低,降幅分别为18.92%~52.08%和8.27%~42.70%。因此,在伴生麦胁迫下,栽培小麦叶片的光合能力、光能转化效率降低是导致小麦产量降低的主要原因。

关键词: 伴生麦, 栽培小麦, 光合能力, 叶绿素荧光参数, 光能转化效率, 产量

Abstract: In order to study the effect of volunteer wheat stress on grain yield of cultivated wheat and its physiological mechanism,volunteer wheat and wheat cultivars Aikang 58,Zhoumai 26 were chosen as test materials in field experiment to study the effects of different densities[0(CK),10,40,100,200 plants/m2] of volunteer wheat on SPAD,photosynthetic characteristics,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield of cultivated wheat.The results showed that,under the volunteer wheat density of 10—200 plants/m2,the SPAD values of cultivated wheat at the jointing stage,flowering stage,grain‐filling stage were all suppressed in varying degrees compared with the control.Under the treatment of 200 plants/m2 of volunteer wheat,the SPAD values of Aikang 58 and Zhoumai 26 at the jointing stage,flowering stage,grain‐filling stage decreased by 20.05%,13.79%,8.34%,and 15.46%,9.12%,8.65%,respectively. Under the volunteer wheat density of 200 plants/m2,the net photosynthetic rate (Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal limit value(Ls)decreased significantly during the flowering stage. During the grain‐filling stage,with the increase of volunteer wheat density,the Pn,Gs,Ci,Tr,Ls,PSⅡactual photochemical quantum yield(ΦPS Ⅱ),electron transport rate(ETR),photochemical quenching coefficient(qP)of Aikang 58 and Zhoumai 26 under volunteer wheat stress were significantly lower than those of CK,while the non‐photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ)was significantly higher than that of CK.Compared with the control,the yields of Aikang 58 and Zhoumai 26 were significantly reduced by 18.92%—52.08%,8.27%—42.70%,respectively.The main reason for the decrease of wheat yield was that the photosynthetic capacity and light energy conversion efficiency of wheat leaves were reduced under the volunteer wheat stress.

Key words: Volunteer wheat, Cultivated wheat, Photosynthetic capacity, Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, Light energy conversion efficiency, Yield

中图分类号: