河南农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (8): 44-50.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.08.006

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

嫁接对烤烟烘烤特性的影响

代卓毅1,张希1,徐志强2,姚怡帆1,薛刚1   

  1. (1. 河南农业大学烟草学院,河南郑州450002;2. 浙江中烟工业有限责任公司,浙江杭州310009)
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-02 出版日期:2021-08-15 发布日期:2021-09-16
  • 通讯作者: 薛刚(1986-),男,河南郑州人,讲师,博士,主要从事烟草遗传育种与品质改良研究。E-mail:xuegangyan2009@sina.com
  • 作者简介:代卓毅(1997-),男,河南许昌人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向:烟草遗传育种与品质改良。E-mail:daizhuoy@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省烟草公司长沙市公司科技项目(21-23A04)

Effect of Grafting on Curing Characteristics of Flue‑cured Tobacco

DAI Zhuoyi1,ZHANG Xi1,XU Zhiqiang2,YAO Yifan1,XUE Gang1   

  1. (1. College of Tobacco,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;2. Zhejiang China Tobacco Industry Co. ,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310009,China)
  • Received:2021-03-02 Published:2021-08-15 Online:2021-09-16

摘要: 为探究嫁接对烤烟烘烤特性的影响,改良烤烟NC89的烘烤特性,以中烟100(易烘烤)和NC89(不易烘烤)为对照,设置中烟100(接穗)/NC89(砧木)、NC89/中烟100 两个嫁接组合,测定并分析各处理中部叶在烘烤关键时期的水分含量、叶绿素含量、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性以及烤后烟叶的外观质量、感官质量和化学成分。结果表明,对照中烟100失水均衡性、叶绿素降解比例、变黄期(烘烤0~72 h)叶绿素平均降解速率和PPO活性平均值均表现最优,其中,失水均衡性为1.26,72 h叶绿素降解比例为95.25%,0~72 h平均降解速率为1.32%/h,0~72 h PPO活性平均值为0.251 U;各处理烟叶的易烤性和耐烤性排名均为中烟100>中烟100/NC89>NC89/中烟100>NC89;NC89/中烟100的烟叶钾含量为1.67%,高于亲本。嫁接烟株中部叶的烘烤特性介于两亲本之间,其中接穗起决定作用;用烘烤特性好的品种作为砧木时,在一定程度上能够改善接穗的烘烤特性;用烟碱含量低和钾积累效率高的品种为砧木可以提高接穗钾含量,降低烟碱含量。因此,合理选取砧木和接穗嫁接组合,可以改良烤烟的烘烤特性,提高烤后烟叶品质。

关键词: 烤烟, 嫁接, 砧木, 接穗, 烘烤特性, 易烤性, 耐烤性

Abstract: In order to explore the effect of grafting on the curing characteristics of flue‑cured tobacco and improve the curing characteristics of flue‑cured tobacco NC89,Zhongyan 100(easy to cure)and NC89(not easy to cure)were used as controls,two grafting combinations of Zhongyan 100(scion)/NC89(rootstock)and NC89/Zhongyan 100 were set up,and the water content,chlorophyll content,polyphenol oxidase(PPO)activity of the middle leaves of each treatment during the key period of curing,and the appearance quality,sensory quality and chemistry composition of the cured tobacco leaves were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the proportionality of water loss rate,chlorophyll degradation proportion,yellowing period(curing 0—72 h) average chlorophyll degradation rate,and mean PPO activity of the control Zhongyan 100 were the best,the proportionality of water loss rate was 1.26,the chlorophyll degradation proportion was 95. 25% after 72 h,the average degradation rate was 1. 32%/h during 0—72 h,and the mean of PPO activity was 0. 251U during 0—72 h. The tobacco leaves of all treatments were ranked in the curing ability and curing tolerance as Zhongyan 100> Zhongyan 100/NC89 >NC89/Zhongyan 100> NC89. The potassium content of NC89/ Zhongyan 100 was 1.67%,which was higher than that of the parent. The curing characteristics of the middle leaves of the grafted tobacco plant were between the two parents,in which the scion played a decisive role. When varieties with good curing characteristics were used as rootstocks,the curing characteristics of the scion could be improved to a certain extent.Using varieties with low nicotine content and high potassium accumulation efficiency as rootstocks could increase the potassium content and reduce the nicotine content of the scion.Therefore,reasonable selection of rootstock and scion grafting combination can improve the curing characteristics of flue‑cured tobacco and improve the quality of flue‑cured tobacco leaves.

Key words: Flue?cured tobacco, Grafting, Rootstock, Scion, Curing characteristics, Curing ability, Curing tolerance

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