生物炭对黑胫病抗性不同烤烟品种根际土壤真菌群落结构的影响

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.01.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探究生物炭对黑胫病抗性不同烤烟品种根际土壤真菌群落结构的影响，为调控烟草微环境及综合防治烤烟黑胫病提供理论依据。采用盆栽试验，以黑胫病抗性不同的烤烟品种净叶黄（高感品种）、K326（中抗品种）、NC82（高抗品种）为材料，以未种植烟草为对照（CK），设置施生物炭与不施生物炭2个水平，共8个处理，通过高通量测序技术探究生物炭对黑胫病抗性不同烤烟品种根际土壤真菌群落结构的影响。结果表明，施入生物炭后黑胫病抗性不同烤烟品种的黑胫病发病率与病情指数均显著降低，对高感品种净叶黄、中抗品种K326 及高抗品种NC82 黑胫病的防治效果分别为56.52%、31.00% 和27.00%；不施生物炭条件下，高抗品种NC82和高感品种净叶黄的根际土壤真菌多样性相对较高，中抗品种K326相对较低，施用生物炭后中抗品种K326的真菌多样性显著升高，高感品种净叶黄和高抗品种NC82的真菌多样性均有不同程度的降低；LefSe分析表明，不施生物炭条件下，抗性不同烤烟品种根际土壤关键微生物类群存在显著差异，施入生物炭改变了根际土壤中关键微生物类群，品种间差异明显；主坐标分析（PCoA）表明，不施用生物炭条件下，3个烤烟品种根际土壤样本与不种植烟草土壤呈现明显的分离，施入生物炭改变了3个烤烟品种根际土壤真菌群落结构。综上，施入生物炭可以显著降低烤烟黑胫病发生，黑胫病抗性不同烤烟品种根际土壤真菌群落结构对施用生物炭的响应不同，在生产中，利用生物炭改良土壤和烟草微生态环境时需要考虑品种因素。

关键词: 烤烟, 品种, 生物炭, 黑胫病抗性, 根际土壤, 真菌, 群落结构

Abstract: To explore the effect of biochar on the fungal community structure in rhizosphere soil of flue‑cured tobacco varieties with different resistance to black shank disease，and to provide theoretical basis for regulating tobacco microenvironment and comprehensively controlling black shank disease，pot experiments were conducted with different flue‑cured tobacco varieties Jingyehuang（highly susceptible variety），K326（moderately resistant variety）and NC82（highly resistant variety）as materials，and no tobacco cultivation was used as control（CK）.Two levels of biochar and no biochar were set up，with a total of eight treatments，and the effect of biochar on fungal community structure in rhizosphere soil of flue‑cured tobacco varieties with different resistance to black shank was explored by high‑throughput sequencing technique. The results showed that，after applying biochar，the incidence and disease index of black shank disease of flue‑cured tobacco varieties with different resistance to black shank disease were significantly reduced，and the control effects for highly susceptible variety Jingyehuang，moderately resistant variety K326 and highly resistant variety NC82 were 56.52%，31.00% and 27.00% respectively. Under the condition of no biochar application，the fungal diversity of rhizosphere soil of high‑resistance variety NC82 and high‑sensitivity variety Jingyehuang was relatively higher，while that of middle‑resistance variety K326 was relatively lower. After biochar application，the fungal diversity of middle‑resistance variety K326 increased significantly，while the fungal diversity of high‑sensitivity variety Jingyehuang and high‑resistance variety NC82 decreased in different degrees. LefSe analysis showed that the key microbial groups in rhizosphere soil of different resistant flue‑cured tobacco varieties were significantly different without biochar application，and the application of biochar changed the key microbial groups in rhizosphere soil，with obvious differences among varieties. PCoA analysis showed that under the condition of no biochar application，compared with the soil without tobacco planting，the sample points of three flue‑cured tobacco varieties were obviously separate，and the application of biochar changed the fungal community structure in rhizosphere soil of three flue‑cured tobacco varieties.To sum up，applying biochar can significantly reduce the occurrence of tobacco black shank disease.The rhizosphere soil fungal community structure of flue‑cured tobacco varieties with different resistance to black shank disease has different responses to biochar input. In production，variety factors should be considered when using biochar to improve soil and tobacco microecological environment.

Key words: Flue?cured tobacco, Variety, Biochar, Black shank resistance, Rhizosphere soil, Fungi, Community structure

中图分类号:

任志超, 李想, 李先锋, 毋丽丽, 王景, 彭志良, 刘国顺, 殷全玉. 生物炭对黑胫病抗性不同烤烟品种根际土壤真菌群落结构的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2024, 53(1): 105-115.

REN Zhichao, LI Xiang, LI Xianfeng, WU Lili, WANG Jing, PENG Zhiliang, LIU Guoshun, YIN Quanyu. Effect of Biochar on Rhizosphere Soil Fungal Community Structure of Flue‑cured Tobacco Varieties with Different Resistance to Black Shank Disease[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 53(1): 105-115.

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