河南农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (6): 42-47.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.06.006

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

钼肥对植烟土壤酶活性及烤烟产量和品质的影响

申洪涛1,段卫东1,李冬2,王新中1,曾强3,徐辰生3   

  1. （1.河南中烟工业有限责任公司 技术中心，河南 郑州 450000；2.河南科技大学 农学院，河南 洛阳 471023；3.福建省烟草公司 南平市公司，福建 南平 350003）
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-03 出版日期:2020-06-15 发布日期:2020-06-15
  • 通讯作者: 徐辰生（1978-），男，河南社旗人，高级农艺师，硕士，主要从事烟草栽培调制及新技术示范推广。E-mail:ycszp@163.com
  • 作者简介:申洪涛（1974-），男，河南洛阳人，工程师，本科，主要从事烟叶原料及烟草化学研究。E-mail:shtluoyang@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    福建省烟草公司南平市公司科技项目（D2017072）

Effect of Molybdate Fertilizer on Enzyme Activity in Tobacco Growing Soil,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

SHEN Hongtao1,DUAN Weidong1,LI Dong2,WANG Xinzhong1,ZENG Qiang3,XU Chensheng3   

  1. (1.Technology Center,China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450000,China;2.College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471023,China;3.Nanping Branch of Fujian Provincial Tobacco Company,Nanping 350003,China)
  • Received:2019-12-03 Published:2020-06-15 Online:2020-06-15

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摘要： 为探究钼肥用量对植烟土壤酶活性和烤烟产质量的影响，采用田间试验，以烤烟品种K326为材料，设置4个钼酸铵施用水平，分别为0、45、90、135 mg/株，依次记为CK、T1、T2、T3，研究钼酸铵对土壤酶活性、烟叶常规化学成分、感官质量及经济性状的影响。结果表明，施用钼酸铵显著提高了土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶的活性，增幅分别为17.51%~46.79%，9.67%~25.21%、8.56%~55.93%；随着钼酸铵施用量的增加，烤后烟叶的还原糖、总氮、钾含量和两糖比均显著提高，烟碱和氯含量先降低后升高；施用钼酸铵能增加烤后烟叶的香气质、香气量、浓度和柔细度，提高烤烟的产量、产值和上中等烟比例，与CK相比，T1、T2、T3处理烤后烟叶的产值分别提高了4.63%、13.07%、8.70%，上中等烟比例分别提高了3.07%、7.39%、3.95%。综上所述，施用钼酸铵能够显著提高土壤酶活性，改善土壤生态环境，协调烟叶内在化学成分，提升烟叶的感官质量，提高烤烟经济效益，且在本试验条件下，南平烟区钼酸铵施用量以90 mg/株为宜。

关键词: 钼肥, 钼酸铵, 烤烟, 土壤酶, 化学成分, 感官质量, 经济效益

Abstract: In order to explore the effects of the amount of molybdate fertilizer on soil enzyme activity and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco,a field experiment was conducted,with flue-cured tobacco variety K326 as experimental material.The treatments were comprised of four ammonium molybdate application levels:0,45,90 and 135 mg/plant ammonium molybdate,which were denoted as CK,T1,T2 and T3,respectively.The effects of ammonium molybdate on soil enzyme activity, conventional chemical composition of tobacco leaves, sensory quality and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco were studied.The results showed that the application of ammonium molybdate significantly increased the activities of urease,sucrase and catalase in soil,and the increase amplitudes were 17.51%—46.79%,9.67%—25.21% and 8.56%—55.93%, respectively.With the increase of ammonium molybdate application amount,the content of reducing sugar,total nitrogen,potassium and the ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar of flue-cured tobacco leaves increased significantly, while the content of nicotine and chlorine of flue-cured tobacco leaves first decreased and then increased.The application of ammonium molybdate could increase aroma quality,aroma quantity,concentration and tender degree of flue-curedtobacco leaves,and increase the yield,output value and proportion of superior and moderate flue-cured tobacco. Compared with CK,T1,T2 and T3 treatments increased the output value of flue-cured tobacco leaves by 4.63%,13.07% and 8.70%,respectively,and the proportion of superior and moderate tobacco increased by 3.07%, 7.39% and 3.95%, respectively.In conclusion, the application of ammonium molybdate could significantly improve the activities of soil enzymes and the soil ecological environment,coordinate the internal chemical composition, increase the sensory quality of tobacco leaves and the economic benefit of flue-cured tobacco.Under the condition of this experiment,the application amount of 90 mg/plant ammonium molybdate was the best option in Nanping tobacco area.

Key words: Molybdate fertilizer, Ammonium molybdate, Flue-cured tobacco, Soil enzyme, Chemical components, Sensory quality, Economic benefit

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