河南农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (12): 57-68.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.12.007

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同生境黄精根茎品质特性及根际土壤环境驱动因子

余高1,2,王海3,莫忠妹1,陈芬1   

  1. (1.铜仁学院贵州省梵净山地区生物多样性保护与利用重点实验室,贵州 铜仁 554300;2.贵州精源科技有限公司,贵州 铜仁554100;3.铜仁市农业科教信息站,贵州 铜仁 554300)
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-16 出版日期:2023-12-15 发布日期:2024-01-05
  • 通讯作者: 陈芬(1987-),女,山西运城人,教授,博士,主要从事土壤生态与修复研究。E-mail:chenfen2018@126.com
  • 作者简介:余高(1988-),男,湖南益阳人,副教授,主要从事药用植物栽培与土壤肥力研究。E-mail:httywwwyu1014@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省梵净山地区生物多样性保护与利用重点实验室项目(黔科合平台人才[2020]2003);铜仁市产学研合作项目(铜市科研[2021]33号);贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2019]2765号);铜仁市2022年省级中药材产业高产栽培示范基地建设项目(铜市农函[2022]50 号);铜仁市科技局计划项目(铜市科研[2021]73号);贵州省教育厅自然科学研究项目(黔教合KY字[2022]066号)

Rhizome Quality Characteristics of Polygonatum rhizoma in Different Habitats and Driving Factors in Rhizosphere Soil Environment

YU Gao1,2,WANG Hai3,MO Zhongmei1,CHEN Fen1   

  1. (1.Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization in the Fanjing Mountain Region,Tongren University,Tongren 554300,China;2.Guizhou Jingyuan Technology Co.,Ltd.,Tongren 554100,China;3.Tongren Agricultural Science and Education Information Station,Tongren 554300,China)
  • Received:2023-05-16 Published:2023-12-15 Online:2024-01-05

摘要: 为筛选影响黄精品质的主导土壤环境驱动因子,以贵州省铜仁市梵净山周边15个样地(S1—S15)不同基源黄精根茎及其根际土壤为材料,测定了黄精根茎品质指标和根际土壤pH值、养分含量和酶活性,分析了根茎品质指标与土壤环境因子的相关性,并采用主成分分析筛选了影响黄精根茎品质的土壤环境驱动因子。结果表明,不同生境条件及基源黄精根茎折干率、浸出物含量、多糖含量及总灰分具有一定差异。其中,多花黄精折干率最大,黄精的浸出物含量最高,滇黄精的多糖含量最高、总灰分最低;4年生黄精的平均折干率、多糖含量均高于5年生,但浸出物含量低于5年生。各样地根际土壤pH值适中,除S6、S12、S15的有机质、碱解氮含量和S3、S9的速效钾含量属于较缺(4级)水平外,其他样地根际土壤养分充足,土壤酶活性高,适合黄精生长发育。相关性分析结果表明,根际土壤酶活性与养分含量密切相关,黄精品质的形成受土壤pH值、养分含量、酶活性等土壤环境因子的直接或间接影响。主成分分析结果表明,影响黄精根茎品质的主要土壤环境因子是蔗糖酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、pH值、有机质含量、全氮含量、碱解氮含量、酸性磷酸酶活性、速效磷含量,样地土壤综合得分较高的是S1、S4、S7、S14。

关键词: 黄精, 土壤环境因子, 多糖, 浸出物, 土壤酶活性, 养分, 相关性, 主成分分析

Abstract: In order to screen the dominant environmental factors affecting the quality of Polygonatum rhizoma,the rhizomes and rhizosphere soils of Polygonatum rhizoma from different sources in 15 plots(S1—S15)around Fanjing Mountain,Tongren City,Guizhou Province,were used as materials,rhizome quality indexes of Polygonatum rhizoma and rhizosphere soil pH value,nutrient content and soil enzyme activity were determined,the correlation between rhizome quality indexes and soil environmental factors was analyzed,and principal component analysis(PCA)was used to screen out the driving factors in soil environment affecting rhizome quality of Polygonatum rhizoma.The results showed that there were certain differences in the rhizome drying rate,extract content,polysaccharides content,and total ash content of Polygonatum rhizoma under different habitat conditions and basal sources.Among them,Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua had the highest drying rate,Polygonatum sibircum Red.had the highest content of extract,and Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl.had the highest polysaccharide content and the lowest total ash content.The average drying rate and polysaccharide content of 4‐year‐old Polygonatum rhizoma were higher than those of 5‐year‐old Polygonatum rhizoma,while the extract content was lower than that of 5‐year‐old Polygonatum rhizoma.The pH value of rhizosphere soil was moderate,except that the contents of organic matter,available nitrogen in S6,S12 and S15 and available potassium in S3 and S9 were deficient(level four),the rhizosphere soils of other plots were rich in nutrients and enzymes,which was suitable for the growth and development of Polygonatum rhizoma.Correlation analysis showed that soil enzyme activity was closely related to nutrient content in rhizosphere,and the quality of Polygonatum rhizoma was directly or indirectly affected by soil environmental factors such as soil pH value,nutrient content and enzyme activity.Principal component analysis indicated that the main soil environmental factors affecting rhizome quality of Polygonatum rhizoma were sucrase,catalase,pH value,organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali‐hydrolyzed nitrogen,acid phosphatase,available potassium,and the comprehensive scores of S1,S4,S7 and S14 were higher in different plots.

Key words: Polygonati rhizoma, Soil environmental factor, Polysaccharide, Extract, Soil enzyme activity, Nutrient, Relevance, Principal component analysis

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