基于表型性状的观赏桃种质遗传多样性分析

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以河南省许昌市鄢陵县林科所观赏桃资源圃收集的106份观赏桃种质资源为研究材料，通过计算变异系数和多样性指数，结合相关性、主成分及聚类分析，对30个表型性状（质量性状18个、数量性状12个）进行多样性分析。结果表明，106份观赏桃种质资源性状差异显著且遗传多样性丰富。其中，数量性状的平均变异系数为33.80%，花瓣数量的变异系数最大，为68.17%，多样性指数的均值为1.82，花径和花瓣长的多样性指数最高，均为2.07；质量性状的多样性指数（0.85）低于数量性状，花瓣颜色的多样性指数最高，为1.87。相关性及主成分分析表明，呈极显著和显著相关的性状分别有111 对和39对，9个主成分的累计贡献率达72.691%，矮型、花型、瓣型、萼片数量、花径、花瓣数量、花瓣宽等是影响观赏桃表型的主要性状。基于种质间性状的遗传差异，当遗传距离为6.5时将参试材料分为11个类群，其遗传聚类与株型、花型、瓣型、花瓣颜色、花药颜色、花枝颜色、叶片颜色等性状关系密切，根据聚类结果，筛选出18份优异种质资源。综上，106份观赏桃种质资源的主要表型性状表现出丰富的遗传多样性。

关键词: 观赏桃, 表型性状, 遗传多样性, 主成分分析, 聚类分析, 优异种质

Abstract: With 106 ornamental peach germplasm resources collected from the ornamental peach resource nursery of Yanling Institute of Forestry Science as research materials,diversity analysis was conducted on 30 phenotypic traits(18 quality traits and 12 quantitative traits)by calculating coefficient of variation and diversity index,combining correlation,principal component，and cluster analysis.The results showed that there were significant differences in traits and rich genetic diversity among 106 ornamental peach germplasm resources.Among them,the average coefficient of variation for quantitative traits was 33.80%,with the maximum coefficient of variation for petal number,being 68.17%.The average diversity index was 1.82,with the highest diversity index for flower diameter and petal length,both being 2.07.The diversity index for quality traits(0.85)was lower than that for quantitative traits,with the highest diversity index for petal color,being 1.87.Correlation and principal component analysis showed that there were 111 pairs and 39 pairs of traits with extremly significantly and significantly correlated,and the cumulative contribution rate of 9 principal components was 72.691%.Dwarf type,flower type,petal type,number of sepals,flower diameter,number of petals,petal width,etc.were the main traits that affected the phenotype of ornamental peaches. Based on the genetic differences in traits between germplasms，when the genetic distance was 6.5,the test materials were divided into 11 groups.The genetic clustering was closely related to plant type,flower type,petal type,petal color,anther color,branch color,leaf color,and other traits. Based on the clustering results,18 excellent germplasm resources were selected.In summary,the main phenotypic traits of 106 ornamental peach germplasm resources exhibit rich genetic diversity.

Key words: Ornamental peach, Phenotypic traits, Genetic diversity, Principal component analysis, Cluster analysis, Excellent germplasm

中图分类号:

S662.1

乔雨轩, 申潇潇, 焦雪辉, 周小娟, 岳长平, 史喜兵. 基于表型性状的观赏桃种质遗传多样性分析[J]. 河南农业科学, 2024, 53(2): 108-117.

QIAO Yuxuan, SHEN Xiaoxiao, JIAO Xuehui, ZHOU Xiaojuan, YUE Changping, SHI Xibing. Genetic Diversity Analysis of Ornamental Peach Germplasm Based on Phenotypic Traits[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 53(2): 108-117.

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