河南农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (11): 85-93.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.11.010

• 农业资源与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同有机肥对豫中和滇西烟区土壤氮素矿化及酶活性的影响

刘威1,赵园园1,陈小龙2,韦建玉3,李娟4,谢天琪2,史宏志1   

  1. (1.河南农业大学 烟草学院/烟草农业减害研究中心,河南 郑州 450002;2.河南中烟工业有限责任公司,河南 郑州 450016;3.广西中烟工业有限责任公司,广西 南宁 530001;4.云南省烟草公司大理州公司,云南 大理 671000)
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-02 出版日期:2023-11-15 发布日期:2023-12-05
  • 通讯作者: 史宏志(1963-),男,河南滑县人,教授,博士,主要从事烟草栽培生理研究。E-mail:shihongzhi88@163.com
  • 作者简介:刘威(1998-),女,山东烟台人,在读博士研究生,研究方向:烟草栽培生理。E-mail:1185850397@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南中烟工业有限责任公司项目(2021410000340260);广西中烟工业有限责任公司项目(2021450000340021)

Effects of Different Organic Fertilizers on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization and Enzyme Activity in the Tobacco Growing Areas of Central Henan and Western Yunnan

LIU Wei1,ZHAO Yuanyuan1,CHEN Xiaolong2,WEI Jianyu3,LI Juan4,XIE Tianqi2,SHI Hongzhi1   

  1. (1.College of Tobacco Science/Research Center for Tobacco Harm Reduction,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou
    450002,China;2.China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450016,China;3.China Tobacco Guangxi
    Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530001,China;4.Yunnan Tobacco Company Dali State Company,Dali 671000,China)
  • Received:2023-07-02 Published:2023-11-15 Online:2023-12-05

摘要: 为探索不同种类有机肥对豫中、滇西典型香型烟区植烟土壤氮素矿化动态及酶活性的影响,在等氮(100 mg/kg)投入和30 ℃条件下对施入不同有机肥(植物源有机肥、芝麻饼肥、生物炭有机肥)的两地植烟土壤进行室内培养,分析不同时期土壤氮素矿化参数及土壤酶活性的变化。不同有机肥均可提高土壤矿质氮含量及矿化速率,在培养前期(7 d),豫中、滇西烟区芝麻饼肥处理土壤矿质氮含量均最高,分别为66.40、108.53 mg/kg,而生物炭有机肥处理后期(7~28 d)矿化量较大且矿化速率较快。生物炭有机肥可以有效提高土壤脲酶、N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性,芝麻饼肥对蛋白酶、蔗糖酶活性有明显提升作用。相关分析结果表明,N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性与硝态氮、铵态氮、矿质氮含量呈极显著正相关关系,大部分酶活性两两间均呈极显著相关关系。结合不同烟区土壤的理化特性及施入有机肥后的土壤氮素矿化特征,在高有机质含量的滇西烟区土壤施入芝麻饼肥,可在提高土壤矿质氮含量的同时有效控制矿化速率,加强生物固持作用;在低有机质含量的豫中植烟土壤中添加生物炭有机肥可有效提升土壤氮素矿化能力,提高土壤矿质氮含量。

关键词: 有机肥, 植烟土壤, 氮素矿化, 土壤酶活性

Abstract: In order to explore the effects of different types of organic fertilizers on nitrogen mineralization dynamics and enzyme activity in typical tobacco planting soils in central Henan and western Yunnan,the soils with different organic fertilizers(plant organic fertilizer,sesame cake fertilizer,biochar organic fertilizer)in the two areas under the conditions of equal nitrogen(100 mg/kg)input and 30℃ were studied in laboratory.The changes in soil nitrogen mineralization parameters and soil enzyme activity during different periods were analyzed. Different organic fertilizers increased soil mineral nitrogen content and mineralization rate.In the early stage of cultivation(7 d),sesame cake fertilizer treatment had the highest soil mineral nitrogen content in central Henan and western Yunnan,with 66.40 and 108.53 mg/kg,respectively. In the later stage of biochar organic fertilizer treatment(7—28 d),the mineralization amount was relatively larger and the mineralization rate was faster.Biochar organic fertilizer effectively improved soil urease and N⁃acetyl content⁃β⁃D⁃glucosidase activity,while sesame cake fertilizer had a significant enhancing effect on protease and sucrase activity. Correlation analysis results showed that N⁃acetyl⁃β⁃D⁃glucosidase activity was significantly positively correlated with the contents of nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and mineral nitrogen,and most of the enzyme activities were significantly correlated with each other. According to the physical and chemical characteristics of soil in different tobacco growing areas and the nitrogen mineralization characteristics of soil after applying organic fertilizer,applying sesame cake fertilizer to high organic matter soil in western Yunnan can effectively control the mineralization rate,and increase biological fixation of the soil;Adding biochar organic fertilizer to the low organic matter tobacco planting soil in central Henan can effectively improve nitrogen mineralization ability and the mineral nitrogen content of the soil.

Key words: Organic fertilizer, Tobacco planting soil, Nitrogen mineralization, Soil enzyme activity

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