河南农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (11): 75-84.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.11.009

• 农业资源与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物炭复配天然矿物对稻田土壤还原性物质的影响

傅玺豪1,2,朱建强2,范先鹏1,张志毅1,何绍华3,倪承凡1,吴茂前1   

  1. (1.湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所/国家农业环境潜江观测实验站/湖北省农业面源污染防治工程技术研究中心/农业农村部潜江农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站,湖北 武汉430064;2.长江大学农学院,湖北 荆州 434000;3.武汉市汉南区农业技术推广服务中心,湖北 武汉 430090)
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-14 出版日期:2023-11-15 发布日期:2023-12-05
  • 通讯作者: 张志毅(1988-),男,河北邢台人,副研究员,博士,主要从事耕地质量提升研究。E-mail:zzyouxin@163.com
  • 作者简介:傅玺豪(1996-),男,四川成都人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向:土壤养分管理和障碍修复。E-mail:1084115090@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD190120401,2016YFD0300902)

Effect of Biochar Combined with Natural Minerals on Reducing Substances in Paddy Soil

FU Xihao1,2,ZHU Jianqiang2,FAN Xianpeng1,ZHANG Zhiyi1,HE Shaohua3,NI Chengfan1,WU Maoqian1   

  1. (1.Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer/National Agricultural Environment Observation and Experimental Station in Qianjiang/Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Agricultural Non⁃point Source Pollution Control/Qianjiang Agricultural Environment and Arable Land Conservation Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China;2.College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434000,China;3.Hannan,Wuhan Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center ,Wuhan 430090,China)
  • Received:2023-06-14 Published:2023-11-15 Online:2023-12-05

摘要: 为探究秸秆还田后土壤氧化还原状况变化和生物炭复配天然矿物对稻田土壤还原性物质削减效果,将玉米秸秆生物炭(BⅠ)、烟草秸秆生物炭(BⅡ)与天然矿物(S)按不同比值组合成调理剂,采用盆栽的方法研究其对稻田土壤还原性物质总量,活性还原性物质、亚铁离子(Fe2+)、亚锰离子(Mn2+)含量及产量的影响。结果表明,水稻苗期—分蘖期,秸秆还田可提高土壤还原性物质含量,RS处理(秸秆还田)还原性物质总量、活性还原性物质和Fe2+含量平均值分别比CK(秸秆不还田)提高1.18 cmol/kg、1.83cmol/kg、194.22 mg/kg。玉米秸秆生物炭对土壤还原性物质降低效果优于烟草秸秆生物炭。其中,S5BⅠ5(S∶BⅠ=5∶5)、S3BⅠ7(S∶BⅠ=3∶7)、S0BⅠ10(S∶BⅠ=0∶10)还原性物质总量和活性还原性物质含量平均值分别比RS降低0.13~0.20 、0.23~0.60 cmol/kg;S3BⅠ7的Fe2+平均含量比RS处理降低110.41 mg/kg;除S3BⅡ7(S∶BⅡ=3∶7)外,玉米秸秆生物炭和烟草秸秆生物炭及其与天然矿物复配比RS处理水稻根系附近土壤溶液Fe2+含量降低幅度在29.78~54.60、8.58~33.57 μg/kg。不同复配调理剂处理土壤溶液平均pH值比RS处理提高了0.06~0.29。S3BⅠ7处理有效穗数和实粒质量比RS提高了4.0个/穴、12.4 g/穴。综上所述,秸秆还田会提高水稻生育前期土壤还原性物质含量,生物质炭与天然矿物复配可以有效降低土壤还原性物质含量和Fe2+产生速率,改善土壤溶液酸碱度,最终提高水稻有效穗数和产量。其中玉米秸秆生物炭改善效果优于烟草秸秆生物炭,并且玉米秸秆生物炭与天然矿物以7∶3复配具有最好的效果。

关键词: 稻田土壤, 生物炭, 调理剂, 秸秆还田, 还原性物质

Abstract: In order to investigate the change of soil redox status after straw returning and the recluction effect of biochar combined with natural minerals on soil reducing substances in paddy field,the corn straw biochar(B Ⅰ),tobacco straw biochar(B Ⅱ)and natural minerals(S)were combined into conditioning agents in different proportions.The pot planting was used to study the effects on soil total reducing substances,active reducing substances,Fe2+,Mn2+ and yield of paddy.The results showed that,straw returning increased soil reducing matter content at seedling stage to tillering stage.The average contents of total reducing matter,active reducing matter and ferrous ion in RS(straw⁃returning)treatment increased by 1.18,1.83 cmol/kg and 194.22 mg/kg,respectively,compared with CK(without straw⁃returning)treatment. Corn straw biochar was better than tobacco straw biochar in reducing soil reducing substances.In S5BⅠ5(S∶BⅠ=5∶5),S3BⅠ7(S∶BⅠ=3∶7)and S0BⅠ10(S∶BⅠ=0∶10),the average contents of total reducing substances and active reducing substances were decreased by 0.13—0.20 cmol/kg and 0.23—0.60 cmol/kg compared with RS,respectively.The average ferrous content of S3BⅠ7 was 110.41 mg/kg lower than that of RS treatment.Compared with RS treatment,except for S3BⅡ7(S∶BⅡ=3∶7),corn straw biochar and tobacco straw biochar combined with natural minerals reduced soil solution ferrous content in the range of 29.78—54.60 μg/kg and 8.58—33.57 μg/kg near rice roots.Compared with RS treatment,the average pH value of soil solution with different compound adjusters was increased by 0.06—0.29.The effective spikes and solid grain weight of S3BⅠ7 treatment were 4.0 points/hole and 12.4 g/hole higher than RS treatment,respectively.In conclusion,straw returning to the field can increase soil reducing substances in the early stage of rice growth,and the combination of biomass charcoal and natural minerals can effectively reduce the production rate of soil reducing substances and Fe2+,improve the pH of soil solution,and ultimately increase the effective spikes and yield of rice.The effect of corn straw biochar is better than that of tobacco straw biochar,and the mixture of corn straw biochar and natural mineral at 7∶3 has better effect.

Key words: Paddy soil, Biochar, Amendment, Straw returning, Reducing substance

中图分类号: