河南农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (1): 60-70.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.01.008

• 农业资源与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

秸秆附着微生物对土壤养分、小麦根际细菌多样性及产量的影响

徐佳敏1,王帅丽1,穆心愿2,赵霞2,唐保军2,夏来坤2,赵亚丽1,刘天学1   

  1. (1.河南农业大学农学院,河南 郑州 450046;2.河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/河南省玉米绿色精准生产国际联合实验室,河南 郑州 450002)
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-10 出版日期:2022-01-15 发布日期:2022-03-18
  • 通讯作者: 穆心愿(1986-),男,河南鹿邑人,博士,主要从事作物抗逆生理生态研究。E-mail:muxinyuan@163.com 刘天学(1965-),男,河南商水人,教授,博士,主要从事玉米栽培学理论与实践研究。E-mail:tianxueliu2005@163.com
  • 作者简介:徐佳敏(1995-),女,河南商水人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向:植物与微生物相互作用。E-mail:xujiaminjmx@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省农业科学院优秀青年科技基金项目(2020YQ35);国家自然科学基金项目(31901474);河南省玉米产业技术体系建设
    专项(S2015-02-04)

Effects of Straw Microorganisms Returning on Soil Nutrients,Rhizosphere Soil Bacterial Community Diversity and Yield of Winter Wheat

XU Jiamin1,WANG Shuaili1,MU Xinyuan2,ZHAO Xia2,TANG Baojun2,XIA Laikun2,ZHAO Yali1,LIU Tianxue1   

  1. (1.College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;2.Cereal Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan International Joint Laboratory on Maize Precision Production,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
  • Received:2021-07-10 Published:2022-01-15 Online:2022-03-18

摘要: 为探明还田秸秆附着的微生物进入土壤后对下茬作物根际微生物多样性和产量形成的影响,以玉米秸秆为试验材料,在盆栽试验条件下,以秸秆不还田(SR0)为对照,设置秸秆灭菌还田(SRD)和秸秆直接还田(SR)处理,研究秸秆不同处理对土壤养分含量、冬小麦根际细菌群落多样性及冬小麦生长的影响。结果表明,秸秆还田提高了土壤有机质、碱解氮含量,且SRD与SR处理间差异不显著,SR处理显著提高土壤有效磷和速效钾含量,但SRD处理却降低土壤有效磷和速效钾含量。秸秆还田后小麦的株高、分蘖数、单株干物质量及产量构成因素均增加。其中,SR处理株高、分蘖数、单株干物质量、有效穗数和产量的增加幅度均高于SRD处理。各样本共检测到细菌类群1 878个OTU,隶属于23门81纲128目223科373属。3个处理小麦根际土壤细菌总OTU数、丰富度指数和多样性指数均表现为SR>SRD>SR0,处理间差异不显著。物种群落组成分析表明,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)是根际土壤细菌的优势菌门,占所有细菌群落总数的90%以上。在纲分类水平下α - 变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)、Subgroup_6、放线菌纲(Actinobacteria)、γ - 变形菌(Gammaproteobacteria)、鞘脂杆菌纲(Sphingobacteriia)是根际土壤细菌的优势菌纲。主坐标分析结果显示,主成分1(PC1)和主成分2(PC2)分别占47.11%和14.27%,3个处理的根际细菌群落组成存在明显差异。冗余分析结果表明,前2个排序轴共解释42.79%细菌群落变化,有机质、碱解氮含量是影响细菌群落结构的重要环境因子。综上,秸秆还田条件下附着的微生物对土壤养分含量、冬小麦根际土壤细菌多样性及冬小麦产量形成有明显的促进作用。因此,秸秆直接还田处理效果较好。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 秸秆微生物, 冬小麦, 高通量测序, 细菌多样性

Abstract: To explore the effects of straw microorganisms entering soil on the rhizosphere microbial diversity and yield formation of the next crop,corn straw was used as the experimental material,under potted test conditions,with no straw returning to the field(SR0)as the control,two treatments of straw sterilization returning(SRD)and straw direct returning(SR)were designed,and the effects of different treatments of straw on soil nutrient content,rhizosphere bacterial community diversity and winter wheat growth were studied. The results showed that,straw returning promoted the contents of soil organic matter and alkaline nitrogen,with no significant differences between SRD and SR treatments. SR significantly increased the contents of soil available phosphorus and available potassium,but SRD decreased the contents of soil available phosphorus and available potassium.The plant height,tillering number,dry matter accumulation and yield components of wheat were all increased after straw returning. Among them,the plant height,tillering number,dry matter accumulation,effective panicles and yield were increased more in the SR treatment than in the SRD treatment.A total of 1 878 opentional taxonomic units of bacteria were detected in the samples,belonging to 23 phyla,81 classes,128 orders,223 families and 373 genera.The total OTUs,richness index and diversity index of wheat rhizosphere soil bacteria in the three treatments showed SR>SRD>SR0,with no significant differences among the three treatments.The analysis of the species community composition showed that Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria,Actinobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Gemmatimonadetes and Chloroflexi were the dominant phyla of rhizosphere soil bacteria,accounting for more than 90% of all bacterial communities. Under the class classification level,Alphaproteobacteria,Subgroup_6,Actinobacteria,Gammaproteobacteria and Sphingobacteria were the dominant classes of rhizosphere soil bacteria. The results of principal coordinate analysis showed that principal component 1(PC1)and principal component 2(PC2)explained 47.11% and 14.27%,and there were significant differences in the composition of rhizosphere bacterial communities among the three treatments. Redundancy analysis revealed that the first two ranking axes together explained 42.79% of the variation in the bacterial community. Soil organic matter content and alkaline nitrogen content were important factors affecting the bacterial community.In conclusion,straw microorganisms significantly promoted soil nutrient content,rhizosphere soil bacterial diversity and winter wheat yield under the condition of straw returning,so straw direct returning with microorganisms had a better effect.

Key words: Straw returning, Straw microorganisms, Winter wheat, High‐throughput sequencing, Bacterial diversity

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