河南农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (9): 56-65.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.006

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

垄作结合一次性施肥对冬小麦氮素利用及经济效益的影响

连延浩1,杜飞波1,薛博1,王志强1,任永哲1,林同保1,李森2   

  1. (1.河南农业大学农学院,河南 郑州 450046;2.中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南 新乡 453002)
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-27 出版日期:2023-09-15 发布日期:2023-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 林同保(1962-),男,河南武陟人,教授,博士,主要从事小麦节水生理生态研究。E-mail:linlab@163.com。李森同为通信作者
  • 作者简介:连延浩(1988-),男,河南新郑人,讲师,博士,主要从事小麦节水栽培技术与理论研究。E-mail:lianyanhao@henau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    河南省科技攻关项目(202102110025);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(FIRI2022-08)

Effect of Bed Planting Combined with One‑time Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Nitrogen Utilization and Economic Benefit of Winter Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

LIAN Yanhao1,DU Feibo1,XUE Bo1,WANG Zhiqiang1,REN Yongzhe1,LIN Tongbao1,LI Sen2   

  1. (1.College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;2.Institute of Farmland Irrigation,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453002,China)
  • Received:2023-04-27 Published:2023-09-15 Online:2023-10-10

摘要: 为进一步挖掘冬小麦垄作模式轻简化节本增效生产潜力,将垄作和一次性施肥方式相结合,构建“垄氮沟灌”水氮异区施用模式,并于2020-2022年开展大田试验,设置一次性基施常规尿素120 kg/hm2(LN120,折纯N,下同)、30%常规尿素掺混70%控释尿素180 kg/hm2(LN180)和240 kg/hm2(LN240)处理,以传统平作(常规尿素240 kg/hm2,基施50%+返青期追施50%,PN240)为对照,探究了垄作一次性施氮模式对冬小麦群体生长、产量、氮素积累转运、水氮利用效率及经济效益的影响。结果表明,增加施氮量有助于垄作冬小麦氮素吸收,促进生长及产量形成,但当施氮量超过180 kg/hm2后,垄作小麦氮素积累量和产量均提升不显著,在2021-2022年甚至呈显著降低趋势。相较于PN240处理,LN180处理提高了花前氮素转运量以及对籽粒的贡献率,2 a平均增幅分别为8.3%和10.8%,籽粒产量变化不显著,氮素吸收效率、氮肥农学利用效率和灌水利用效率则分别平均提高了29.7%、49.5%和21.6%;此外,垄作结合一次性施氮模式有助于降低田间总投入成本,2 a LN180处理产投比较PN240处理平均提高了10.3%。总之,垄作配合常规尿素掺混控释尿素180 kg/hm2能提高冬小麦氮水利用效率,稳定常规平作
模式下籽粒产量和经济效益。

关键词: 冬小麦, 垄作, 一次性施肥, 产量, 氮素利用, 经济效益

Abstract: In order to further explore the potential of reducing nitrogen and improving efficiency of bed planting of winter wheat,bed planting was combined with one‑time nitrogen application technology,the application pattern of water and nitrogen in different zones of“ridge nitrogen and furrow irrigation”was established,and field experiments was done from 2020 to 2022.The traditional flat planting with nitrogen application rate of 240 kg/ha by urea of 50% base fertilizer and 50% topdressing during regreening stage(PN240)was taken as the control,bed planting combined with one‑time nitrogen application rates of 120 kg/ha with 100% urea(LN120),180 and 240 kg/haby a mixture of 30% urea and 70% controlled‑release urea(LN180,LN240)was conducted,the population growth,yield,nitrogen accumulation and transport,water and nitrogen use efficiency and economic benefit of winter wheat were studied and evaluated.The results showed that increasing nitrogen application rate was beneficial to nitrogen absorption,plant growth and yield formation of winter wheat under bed planting,while the nitrogen application rate exceeded 180 kg/ha,the grain yield and nitrogen accumulation had no significant increase and even decreased significantly in 2021—2022.Compared with PN240 treatment,LN180 treatment improved the nitrogen transportation before flowering and the contribution rate to grain,which averagely increased by 8.3% and 10.8% in 2020—2022,respectively;grain yield had no significant increase,and the nitrogen uptake efficiency,nitrogen agronomic use efficiency and irrigation use efficiency increased by 29.7%,49.5% and 21.6% on average,respectively.Moreover,the economic benefit analysis result showed that the bed planting reduced cost of total input,the input‑output ratio of LN180 treatment increased by 10.3% on average compared with PN240 treatment.In conclusion,when nitrogen application rate was 180 kg/ha,bed planting combined with mixture of urea and controlled‑release urea could maintain grain yield and economic benefit of winter wheat,and improved nitrogen and irrigation use efficiency.

Key words: Winter wheat, Bed planting, One?time fertilization, Grain yield, Nitrogen Utilization, Economic benefit

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