河南农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 38-46.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.02.005

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

叶面喷施和滴灌条件下增施微肥对春小麦微量元素含量和产量的影响

杨春霞1,张艳1,夏学智2   

  1. (1.宁夏农产品质量标准与检测技术研究所,宁夏 银川 750002;2.宁夏回族自治区农垦事业管理局农林牧技术推广服务中心,宁夏 银川 750024)
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-24 出版日期:2023-02-15 发布日期:2023-04-03
  • 作者简介:杨春霞(1983-),女,宁夏隆德人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事农林产品产地识别与环境评价研究。E-mail:xia0113@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏农林科学院先导资金项目(NKYG-19-09)

Effects of Micro‑fertilizer on Trace Element Content and Yield of Spring Wheat under Foliar Spraying and Drip Irrigation

YANG Chunxia1,ZHANG Yan1,XIA Xuezhi2   

  1. (1.Ningxia Research Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products,Yinchuan 750002,China;2.Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension and Service Center,Ningxia Agricultural Reclamation,Yinchuan 750024,China)
  • Received:2022-06-24 Published:2023-02-15 Online:2023-04-03

摘要: 研究叶面喷施微肥[分蘖期和抽穗期各喷施0.4%硫酸锌溶液750 kg/hm2(A)、喷施0.2%硫酸锰溶液750 kg/hm2(B)、喷施0.2%硫酸铜溶液750 kg/hm2(C)、喷施0.25%硫酸亚铁溶液750 kg/hm2(D)、喷施0.4%硫酸锌+0.2%硫酸锰溶液750 kg/hm2(E)、喷清水750 kg/hm2(F)、对照(不喷微肥也不喷清水,CK)]和滴灌条件下增施微肥[分蘖期和抽穗期各施4.5 kg/hm2硫酸锌(A1)、9.0 kg/hm2硫酸锌(B1)、13.5 kg/hm2硫酸锌(C1)、18.0 kg/hm2硫酸锌(D1)、3.0 kg/hm2硫酸锰(E1)、6.0 kg/hm2硫酸锰(F1)、9.0 kg/hm2硫酸锰(G1)、对照(不施微肥,CK1)]对春小麦微量元素含量和产量的影响,确定微肥适宜用量,为提升宁夏引黄灌区春小麦产量提供理论依据。结果表明,叶面喷施微肥后春小麦重心高度、旗叶叶面积均较CK增加,增幅分别为4.11%~8.02%、6.44%~15.21%;基部第一节间长度较CK降低,降幅为1.28%~12.10%,以E处理效果最好。总体上,喷施微肥可以提高不同生育时期春小麦植株中微量元素含量,增幅表现为锌肥>铜肥>锰肥>铁肥,锌肥+锰肥处理效果与单独喷施锌肥、锰肥效果一致。喷施微肥可提高春小麦产量,增产效果表现为E>A>B>D>C,其中E、A处理分别较CK和F处理显著提高12.40%、11.25%和9.73%、8.60%。滴灌条件下,增施不同量的锌肥、锰肥均提高了春小麦籽粒中锌、锰含量,其中,C1处理籽粒中锌含量最高(18.1 mg/kg),F1处理籽粒中锰含量最高(51.7 mg/kg);明显提高千粒质量,显著提高产量,锌肥以D1处理、锰肥以G1处理产量最高,分别较CK1提高9.12%、8.25%。综上,叶面喷施建议分蘖期和抽穗期各喷施0.4%硫酸锌+0.2%硫酸锰溶液750 kg/hm2(或单独喷施);滴灌条件下建议分蘖期和抽穗期各施用18.0 kg/hm2硫酸锌、9.0 kg/hm2硫酸锰。

关键词: 叶面喷施, 滴灌, 微肥, 春小麦, 微量元素含量, 产量

Abstract: The effects of foliar application of micro‑fertilizer[750 kg/ha of 0. 4% zinc sulfate solution(A),750 kg/ha of 0.2% manganese sulfate solution(B),750 kg/ha of 0.2% copper sulfate solution(C),750 kg/ha of 0.25% ferrous sulfate solution(D),750 kg/ha of 0.4% zinc sulfate+0.2% manganese sulfate solution(E),750 kg/ha of water(F),control without micro‑fertilizer and water(CK),once at tillering stage and once at heading stage]and drip irrigation with micro‑fertilizer[4.5 kg/ha zinc sulfate(A1),9.0 kg/ha zinc sulfate(B1),13.5 kg/ha zinc sulfate(C1),18.0 kg/ha zinc sulfate(D1),3.0 kg/ha manganese sulfate(E1),6.0 kg/ha manganese sulfate(F1),9.0 kg/ha manganese sulfate(G1),control without micro‑fertilizer(CK1),once at tillering stage and once at heading stage]on trace element content and yield of spring wheat were studied to determine the appropriate amount of micro‑fertilizer and provide theoretical basis for improving the yield of spring wheat in irrigation region of Ningxia.The results showed that compared with CK,the foliar application of micro‑fertilizer increased the height of center of gravity and the flag leaf area of spring wheat by 4.11%—8.02% and 6.44%—15.21%,respectively,decreased
the first internode length at base by 1. 28%—12. 10%,and E treatment had the best effect.Overall,the foliar application of micro‑fertilizer increased the trace elements contents in plants at different growth stages,the increase amplitude order was zinc fertilizer>copper fertilizer>manganese fertilizer>iron fertilizer,and the effect of spraying zinc‑manganese mixed fertilizer was the same as that of singlely spraying zinc fertilizer and manganese fertilizer.The foliar application of micro‑fertilizer could increase spring wheat yield,the yield order was E>A>B>D>C,and E and A treatments significantly increased by 12.40%,11.25% and 9.73%,8.60% compared with CK and F treatments,respectively.Under drip irrigation,the application of micro‑fertilizer increased contents of zinc and manganese elements in grains,C1 treatment had the highest zinc content(18.1 mg/kg),and F1 treatment had the highest manganese content(51.7 mg/kg);obviously increased 1 000‑grain weight,significantly increased yield,and the D1 and G1 treatments had the highest yields,which increased by 9.12% and 8.25% compared with CK1 respectively.In conclusion,it is recommended to use 750 kg/ha of 0.4% zinc sulfate+0.2% manganese sulfate solution(or spraying alone)for foliar spraying at tillering stage and heading stage respectively,and use 18.0 kg/ha zinc sulfate and 9.0 kg/ha manganese sulfate under drip irrigation at tillering stage and heading stage respectively.

Key words: Foliar spraying, Drip irrigation, Micro?fertilizer, Spring wheat, Trace element content, Yield

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