河南农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (11): 171-180.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.11.020

• 农业信息与工程·农产品加工 • 上一篇    

国产雪茄烟叶堆积发酵过程中的微生物变化规律及差异分析

潘勇1,吴巧茵2,3,4,李林林1,谭再钰1,李俊瑶1,张娟2,4,施友志1   

  1. (1.湖北中烟工业有限责任公司,湖北 武汉 430040;2.江南大学工业生物技术教育部重点实验室,江苏 无锡 214122;3.江南大学 生物工程学院,江苏 无锡 214122;4.江南大学 未来食品科学中心,江苏 无锡 214122)
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-28 出版日期:2022-11-15 发布日期:2023-01-10
  • 通讯作者: 施友志(1977-),男,湖北宜昌人,工程师,主要从事雪茄原料、工艺技术和雪茄烟产品技术集成创新研究。E-mail:sx_shiyz@sx.hbtobacoo.cn。张娟同为通信作者
  • 作者简介:潘勇(1971-),男,湖北宜昌人,工程师,主要从事雪茄原料、工艺加工技术与评价研究。E-mail:sx_panyong@sx.hbtobacoo.cn。吴巧茵为同等贡献作者
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2021624)

Microbial Changes and Difference Analysis of Domestic Cigar Tobacco during Stacking Fermentation

PAN Yong1,WU Qiaoyin2,3,4,LI Linlin1,TAN Zaiyu1,LI Junyao1,ZHANG Juan2,4,SHI Youzhi1   

  1. (1.China Tobacco Hubei Industry Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430040,China;2.Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China ;3.School of Biotechnology,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China;4.Science Center for Future Foods,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China)
  • Received:2022-03-28 Published:2022-11-15 Online:2023-01-10

摘要: 为了探究国产雪茄烟叶在堆积发酵过程中不同部位、产区之间微生物变化与差异,采用扩增子测序技术对湖北十堰与四川德阳产区中、下部烟叶的群落多样性和微生物物种组成进行研究。结果表明,发酵前期(0~7 d)和发酵中期(7~14 d)是细菌群落显著变化的节点。在发酵过程中,十堰、德阳产区中部烟叶微生物群落多样性基本呈上升趋势,下部烟叶微生物群落多样性基本呈下降趋势。葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)是发酵前期的优势细菌,随着发酵的进行,十堰产区中、下部烟叶的优势细菌转变为气球菌属(Aerococcus)和棒状杆菌属(Corynebacterium_1);德阳产区下部烟叶始终以葡萄球菌属为优势细菌,中部烟叶的优势细菌转变为盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)。曲霉属(Asperguillus)是发酵前期和发酵结束的优势真菌,在发酵中期和后期,链格孢菌属(Alternaria)、微子囊菌属(Microascus)的相对丰度上升,十堰中部烟叶发酵结束时的优势真菌为篮状菌属(Talaromyces)。综上,随着发酵的进行,中部烟叶群落多样性逐渐上升,而下部烟叶群落多样性逐渐降低;不同部位、产区烟叶优势微生物如葡萄球菌属、棒状杆菌属、气球菌属、曲霉菌属、链格孢菌属和微子囊菌属在堆积发酵过程中组成与演替存在较大差异,这些优势微生物可能通过有害物质降解或香气物质转化进而影响烟叶的香韵和品质。

关键词: 国产雪茄, 烟叶, 堆积发酵, 微生物变化, 差异分析

Abstract: To explore the changes and differences of microorganisms among different tobacco leaf parts and origins during the stacking fermentation of domestic cigars,high‑throughput sequencing technology was used to study the microbial community diversity and species composition of tobacco leaves in the middle and lower parts of Shiyan(Hubei)and Deyang(Sichuan)origins.The results showed that the early stage(0—7 days)and the middle stage(7—14 days)were the key nodes of bacterial community changes.During the fermentation process,the microbial community diversity of the middle leaves in Shiyan and Deyang origins basically showed an upward trend,while the microbial community diversity of the lower leaves in different origins basically showed a downward trend.Staphylococcus was the dominant bacterium in the early stage of fermentation.As the fermentation progressed,the dominant bacteria in the middle and lower leaves in Shiyan origin were transformed into Aerococcus and Corynebacterium_1;Staphylococcus was always the dominant bacterium in the lower leaves of Deyang origin,and the dominant bacterium in the middle leaves was changed to Halomonas.Asperguillus was the dominant fungus in the early stage and the end of fermentation.The relative abundances of Alternaria and Microascus increased in the middle and late stages of fermentation,and Talaromyces was the dominant fungus in the middle leaves of Shiyan origin at the end of fermentation.To sum up,during the stacking fermentation process,the community diversity of tobacco leaves in the middle gradually increased,while the community diversity of lower tobacco leaves gradually decreased.The composition and succession of the dominant microbes such as StaphylococcusCorynebacterium_1,AerococcusAsperguillusAlternaria and Microascus were quite different in different tobacco leaf parts and origins during the stacking fermentation,these dominant microbes might affect the aroma and quality of tobacco leaves through the degradation of harmful substances or the transformation of flavor compounds.

Key words: Domestic cigar tobacco, Tobacco leaves, Stacking fermentation, Microbial changes, Difference analysis

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