河南农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5): 148-161.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.05.016

• 农业信息与工程·农产品加工 • 上一篇    下一篇

砂壤土夏玉米地下滴灌土壤水分和湿润峰运移模拟及设计参数优选

杨明达1,2,3,4,张素瑜4,杨慎骄1,2,关小康3,陈金平1,2,李顺江5,王同朝3,邹国元5
  

  1. (1.中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453003;2.河南商丘农田生态国家野外科学观测研究站,河南 商丘 476000;3.河南农业大学农学院/河南粮食作物协同创新中心,河南 郑州 450046;4.商丘市农林科学院,河南 商丘 476000;5.北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,北京 100097)
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-27 出版日期:2022-05-15 发布日期:2022-07-18
  • 通讯作者: 王同朝(1964-),男,河南社旗人,教授,博士,主要从事抗旱节水栽培理论与技术研究。E-mail:wtcwrn@126.com
  • 作者简介:杨明达(1987-),男,河南南阳人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事抗旱节水栽培理论与技术研究。E-mail:yangmingda1020@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700900);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(FIRI20210401);河南商丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站开放课题(FIRI2021040102)

Simulation of Soil Moisture and Wet Front Transport and Optimization of Drip Tapes Design Parameters under Subsurface Drip Irrigation in Sandy Loam for Summer Maize

YANG Mingda1,2,3,4,ZHANG Suyu4,YANG Shenjiao1,2,GUAN Xiaokang3,CHEN Jinping1,2,LI Shunjiang5,WANG Tongchao3,ZOU Guoyuan5   

  1. (1.Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453003,China;2.National Agro‑ecological System Observation and Research Station of Shangqiu,Shangqiu 476000,China;3.Agronomy College of Henan Agricultural University / Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops,Zhengzhou 450046,China;4.Shangqiu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Shangqiu 476000,China;5.Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China)

  • Received:2021-11-27 Published:2022-05-15 Online:2022-07-18

摘要: 为优化地下滴灌系统,探索适宜的系统设计参数,探究了砂壤土不同滴灌带埋深对土壤水分及湿润峰运移变化规律的影响。首先通过室内试验验证HYDRUS-2D模型模拟土壤水分及湿润峰运移变化的可靠性,其次运用验证后的模型对不同滴灌带埋深下土壤水分及湿润峰运移进行预测,最后将优选的系统设计参数进行田间试验验证。室内试验模拟结果表明,砂壤土滴灌带埋深为20 cm时,整个灌溉过程中湿润峰水平运移速度和垂直下移速度相似,但在灌溉4 h后,湿润峰垂直下移速度高于水平运移速度;在灌溉6 h后,土壤水分运移到土壤表面。通过滴灌带埋深为20 cm时的实测数据对HYDRUS-2D模型进行评价。土壤体积含水量模拟值和实测值R2、ME、RMSE分别为0.98~0.99、0.90~0.93、0.029~0.032 cm3/cm3,湿润峰运移距离的模拟值和实测值R2、ME、RMSE分别为0.96~0.99、0.91~0.96、0.690~2.170 cm,实测值和模拟值的一致性较好。HYDRUS-2D模拟结果表明,滴灌带埋深为20 cm时,土壤水分垂直运移的区域为距地表0~60 cm土层,但水平方向上距滴灌带20~30 cm处的土壤体积含水量较低;滴灌带埋深为30 cm时,在土壤水分平衡后(灌溉结束后3 d),较湿润[含水量>75% FC(田间持水量)]土体距地表5~55 cm;滴灌带埋深为40 cm时,土壤水分能够向上运移到距地表10 cm处,下渗到距地表90 cm处,侧渗到距滴灌带30 cm处,较湿润(含水量>75% FC)土体距地表30~75 cm。田间试验表明,与传统地表滴灌相比,地下滴灌(滴灌带埋深30 cm、铺设间距60 cm)能够增加中下层土壤体积含水量,使夏玉米产量显著提高8.6%。综上,砂壤土夏玉米地下滴灌较适宜的滴灌带埋深和铺设间距分别为30、
60 cm。

关键词: 砂壤土, 夏玉米, 水分运动, 湿润峰运移, 地下滴灌, HYDRUS-2D, 设计参数

Abstract: Sandy loam has good ventilation,water and fertilizer retention,so it is of great significance to explore the appropriate system design parameters in sandy loam for popularizing the application of subsurface drip irrigation in Henan Province. In order to determine the appropriate system design parameters of subsurface drip irrigation system,the effects of different dripper buried depths on soil water
movement and wet front transport in sandy loam were studied. An indoor plexiglass box was used to explore the soil moisture and wet front transport when the drip irrigation belt was buried at a depth of 20 cm.At the same time,these test data were used to evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of the HYDRUS‑2D simulation of soil moisture and wet front transport in subsurface drip irrigation.After that,the verified model was used to simulate the soil moisture and wet front at different depths of drip irrigation belt.Finally,the optimized system design parameters were verified by field experiments.The results of laboratory test showed that when the depth of drip irrigation belt was 20 cm,the speed of horizontal movement of wet front was similar to the speed of vertical downward movement during the irrigation.But after 4 h of irrigation,the vertical downward movement speed of wet front was higher than the horizontal movement speed. After 6 h of irrigation,soil water transported to the soil surface.The HYDRUS‑2D model was evaluated by comparison with measured data from laboratory experiments with the drip irrigation belt buried at a depth of 20 cm. The values of R2,ME and RMSE between measured and simulated soil volumetric water content ranged from 0.98 to 0.99,0.90 to 0.93 and 0.029 to 0.032 cm3/cm3,respectively. The values of R2,ME and RMSE between measured and simulated wet front transporting distance ranged from 0.96 to 0.99,0.91 to 0.96,and 0.690 to 2.170 cm,respectively.Based on these values,it could be concluded that there was good correspondence between simulations and observations.The HYDRUS‑2D model simulation results showed that when the drip irrigation belt burial depth was 20 cm,the range of soil moisture migration was 0—60 cm soil layers,but the soil water content at 20—30 cm horizontally from the drip irrigation belt was low. When the drip irrigation belt burial depth was 30 cm,after water balance(3 d after irrigation),the soil layer whose soil volumetric water content was more than 75% FC(field capacity)was 5—55 cm from the soil surface. When the drip irrigation belt burial depth was 40 cm,soil water could move up to 10 cm from the surface,down to 90 cm from the surface,and the lateral seepage was 30 cm from the drip irrigation belt.The soil layer with soil volumetric water content more than 75% FC was 30—75 cm from the soil surface. Compared with traditional surface drip irrigation,subsurface drip irrigation(with drip irrigation belt buried under 30 cm and laying spacing of 60 cm) could increase the soil volumetric water content in the middle and lower soil layers and significantly increase summer maize yield by 8.6%.In conclusion,the suitable buried depth and laying spacing of drip irrigation belt for summer maize in sandy loam are 30 and 60 cm,respectively.

Key words: Sandy loam, Summer maize, Water movement, Wet front transport, Subsurface drip irrigation, HYDRUS?2D, Design parameter

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