深松和施肥方式对砂姜黑土区夏玉米生长、光合特性及产量的影响

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.04.005

河南农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4): 31-39.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.04.005

深松和施肥方式对砂姜黑土区夏玉米生长、光合特性及产量的影响

管艳霞¹，王群¹，赵寒梅²，贾绪存¹，闫振华¹，刘东尧¹，董朋飞¹，李潮海¹

（1.河南农业大学农学院/省部共建小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室，河南郑州 450046；2.鄢陵县农业技术推广中心，河南鄢陵 461200）

收稿日期:2020-08-09 出版日期:2021-04-15 发布日期:2021-04-15
通讯作者: 王群（1974-），女，河南安阳人，博士，主要从事作物生理生态研究。E-mail：wangqun177@163.com
作者简介:管艳霞（1991-），女，河南周口人，硕士，主要从事玉米生理生态研究。E-mail：18838916801@163.com〖ZK)〗
基金资助:
公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201503117）；国家现代农业产业技术体系专项资金（CARS-02-17）；国家重点研发计划（2017YFD0300300）

Effects of Deep Tillage and Fertilization on Plant Growth,Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Summer Maize in Lime Concretion Black Soil

GUAN Yanxia¹,WANG Qun¹,ZHAO Hanmei²,JIA Xucun¹,YAN Zhenhua¹,LIU Dongyao¹,DONG Pengfei¹,LI Chaohai¹

(1.College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University/ National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science,Zhengzhou 450046,China; 2.Yanling County Agricultural Technology and Promotion Center,Yanling 461200,China)

Received:2020-08-09 Published:2021-04-15 Online:2021-04-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为确定砂姜黑土区夏玉米生产的最佳深松与施肥方式，设置免耕+单层施肥 (CK)、侧位深松+单层施肥（T1）、侧位深松+三层施肥（T2）、正位深松+三层施肥（T3）、正位深松+单层施肥（T4）5个处理，研究不同处理土壤含水量、夏玉米出苗质量、叶片光合特性和产量的差异。结果表明，与CK相比，深松处理提高土壤含水量和地上部干物质积累量，侧位深松处理提高效果大于正位深松，以T2处理提高效果最好；深松处理提高出苗率、株高整齐度及叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率，降低胞间CO2浓度，侧位深松处理效果优于正位深松处理，三层施肥处理效果优于单层施肥处理，以T2处理效果最好。深松处理提高夏玉米产量，增幅达9.03%，侧位深松处理产量高于正位深松处理，增幅达6.84%，三层施肥处理产量与单层施肥处理差异不显著，处理间产量表现为T2＞T1＞T3＞T4＞CK， T2处理产量较CK提高13.24%。综上，侧位深松比正位深松更能促进夏玉米生长，提高夏玉米产量，尤其以侧位深松+三层施肥处理效果最好。

关键词: 深松, 三层施肥, 砂姜黑土, 夏玉米, 出苗率, 光合特性, 产量

Abstract: To explore the effect of different patterns of deep tillage and fertilization on maize production,five treatments were designed,including no tillage and fertilization in single layer(CK),deep tillage on side position+fertilization in single layer(T1),deep tillage on side position+fertilization in three layers (T2),deep tillage on direct position+fertilization in three layers(T3)and deep tillage on direct position+fertilization in single layer (T4),and the differences of soil water content,seedling emergence quality,photosynthetic characteristics and yield among different treatments were studied.The results showed that,compared with CK,deep tillage increased the soil water content and dry shoot biomass,the effect of deep tillage on side position was greater than that of deep tillage on direct position,and T2 treatment had the highest value. Deep tillage increased the seedling emergence rate, plant height uniformity, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of leaves, decreased the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration,the effect of deep tillage on side position was greater than that of deep tillage on direct position,the effect of fertilization in three layers was greater than that of fertilization in singlelayer,and T2 treatment was the best. Compared with CK,deep tillage increased grain yield by 9.03%,and the yield of deep tillage on side position was greater than that of deep tillage on direct position with the increase rate of 6.84%; the yield of fertilization in three layers showed no significant difference with fertilization in single layer; the order of yield among treatments was T2>T1>T3>T4>CK,and the yield of T2 treatment increased by 13.24% compared with CK.In summary,deep tillage on side position could promote the growth and yield of summer maize more than deep tillage on direct position,and deep tillage on side position+fertilization in three layers obtained the best effect.

Key words: Deep tillage, Fertilization in three layers, Lime concretion black soil, Summer maize;Seedling emergence rate, Photosynthetic characteristics, Yield

中图分类号:

S513

管艳霞, 王群, 赵寒梅, 贾绪存, 闫振华, 刘东尧, 董朋飞, 李潮海. 深松和施肥方式对砂姜黑土区夏玉米生长、光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2021, 50(4): 31-39.

GUAN Yanxia, WANG Qun, ZHAO Hanmei, JIA Xucun, YAN Zhenhua, LIU Dongyao, DONG Pengfei, LI Chaohai. Effects of Deep Tillage and Fertilization on Plant Growth,Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Summer Maize in Lime Concretion Black Soil[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 50(4): 31-39.

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深松和施肥方式对砂姜黑土区夏玉米生长、光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of Deep Tillage and Fertilization on Plant Growth,Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Summer Maize in Lime Concretion Black Soil

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