深松（耕）时期与方式对砂姜黑土耕层养分和冬小麦、夏玉米产量的影响

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在冬小麦—夏玉米周年轮作下，设置5个深松（耕）时期与方式结合处理，分别为秋季旋耕+夏季免耕（ART+SNT，对照）、秋季深松+夏季免耕（ASS+SNT）、秋季深耕+夏季免耕（ADMP+SNT）、秋季深耕+夏季下位深松（ADMP+SSSS）和秋季深耕+夏季侧位深松（ADMP+SSSL），研究深松（耕）时期与方式对砂姜黑土耕层有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量及冬小麦、夏玉米产量的影响，以筛选砂姜黑土区适宜的土壤耕作制度，为提升砂姜黑土地力和作物持续增产提供依据。结果表明，深松（耕）能够增加15～40 cm土层有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量，提高冬小麦、夏玉米产量，且深松（耕）对冬小麦季的影响大于夏玉米季。秋季深耕+夏季深松处理对土壤养分提升和作物增产的效果均高于单一秋季深松（耕）处理。与单一秋季深松（耕）处理相比，秋季深耕+夏季深松处理15～40 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别提高10.5%、6.6%、12.3%和6.0%，冬小麦—夏玉米周年产量提高3.6%。5个处理中，以秋季深耕+夏季侧位深松处理对土壤养分的改良效果最佳，冬小麦—夏玉米周年产量最高。秋季深耕+夏季侧位深松15～40 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾含量和冬小麦—夏玉米周年产量分别比秋季深耕+夏季免耕处理增加7.9%、9.5%、38.8%、7.9%和2.9%，分别比秋季旋耕+夏季免耕处理增加28.2%、30.9%、217.7%、20.4%和17.3%。综上，在5个不同的深松（耕）时期与方式结合处理中，秋季深耕+夏季侧位深松处理对土壤养分改良和作物增产的效果最佳，是砂姜黑土区适宜的深松（耕）时期和方式。

关键词: 深松（耕）时期与方式, 砂姜黑土, 土壤养分, 冬小麦, 夏玉米, 产量

Abstract: The object of the study was to identify the suitable tillage system in lime concretion black soil,and provide basis for the improvement of the soil fertility and continuous increase of crop yield in lime concretion black soil.Five treatments,namely,rotary tillage in autumn+no-tillage in summer(ART+SNT,CK),subsoiling in autumn+no-tillage in summer(ASS+SNT),deep mouldboard ploughing in autumn+no-tillage in summer(ADMP +SNT),deep mouldboard ploughing in autumn and sublevel subsoiling in summer(ADMP+SSSS),deep mouldboard ploughing in autumn and lateral subsoiling in summer(ADMP+SSSL),were carried out to investigate the effects of time and pattern of deep tillage on the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,and yield of winter wheat and summer maize.The results showed that deep tillage increased the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in 15—40 cm soil layer,thus increased winter wheat and summer maize yields,and the effects in winter wheat growth period were bigger than those in summer maize growth period.The improvement effects of deep tillage on soil nutrient content and crop yield in autumn combined with subsoiling in summer were better than those of single deep tillage in autumn. Compared with the single deep tillage treatment in autumn,the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium of deep tillage in autumn combined with subsoiling in summer increased by 10.5%,6.6%,12.3% and 6.0% in 15—40 cm soil layer respectively,and winter wheat-summer maize yield increased by 3.6%.In the five treatments,ADMP+SSSL treatment had the best improvement effect on soil nutrient content,and the highest yield. The contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen and available phosphorus and available potassium in 15—40 cm soil layer and winter wheatsummer maize yield of ADMP+SSSL treatment increased by 7.9%,9.5%,38.8%,7.9% and 2.9%,respectively,compared with ADMP+SNT treatment,and by 28.2%,30.9%,217.7%,20.4% and 17.3% respectively,compared with ART+SNT treatment. The improvement of soil nutrient content and crop yield of ADMP+SSSL treatment was the best in the five treatments,which was the suitable time and pattern of deep tillage in lime concretion black soil.

Key words: Time and pattern of deep tillage, Lime concretion black soil, Soil nutrient, Winter wheat, Summer maize, Yield

中图分类号:

S513
S512.1

刘卫玲, 程思贤, 李娜, 吴健, 杨丽, 李潮海, 赵亚丽. 深松（耕）时期与方式对砂姜黑土耕层养分和冬小麦、夏玉米产量的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2020, 49(3): 8-16.

LIU Weiling, CHENG Sixian, LI Na, WU Jian, YANG Li, LI Chaohai, ZHAO Yali. Effects of Time and Pattern of Deep Tillage on Topsoil Nutrient Content,Yield of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize in Lime Concretion Black Soil[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 49(3): 8-16.

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