河南农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (6): 82-90.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.010

• 农业资源与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

减氮增密对水稻产量、氮素吸收及土壤剖面养分分布的影响

薛金元1，许芳芳1，王娟娟1，杨建昌2，王桂良1，钱晓晴1   

  1. 1.扬州大学 环境科学与工程学院，江苏 扬州 225000；2.扬州大学 农学院，江苏 扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-12 出版日期:2021-06-15 发布日期:2021-06-15
  • 通讯作者: 钱晓晴 (1962-)，男，江苏泰州人，教授，博士，主要从事资源环境科学领域的教学与研究。E-mail:qianxq@yzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:薛金元 (1994-)，女，河南周口人，在读硕士研究生，研究方向：氮肥高效利用。E-mail:xuejinyuan_yz@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200107)；江苏省研究生实践创新计划项目(XSJCX19_094)

Effects of Nitrogen Reducing and Density Increasing on Rice Yield, Nitrogen Uptake and Nutrient Distribution in Soil Profile

XUE Jinyuan1,XU Fangfang1,WANG Juanjuan1,YANG Jianchang2,WANG Guiliang1,QIAN Xiaoqing1   

  1. (1.College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225000,China;2.Agricultural College of Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)
  • Received:2021-01-12 Published:2021-06-15 Online:2021-06-15

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摘要： 为明确减氮增密对水稻产量、氮素吸收以及土壤剖面养分分布的影响，采用田间试验，以武运粳24为试验材料，研究了氮空白（CK)、当地常规施氮（N）、减氮（JN：减氮10%）、减氮增密（ZM：减氮10%、密度增加20%）4种不同栽培模式下水稻产量、植株吸氮量、氮肥吸收利用率以及土壤剖面养分分布的差异。结果表明，ZM处理的籽粒产量为10.2 t/hm2，较CK、N、JN处理分别提高了75.9%、6.3%、7.4%；植株吸氮量分别提高156.2%、3.8%、6.9%；ZM处理氮肥吸收利用率分别较JN、N处理提高11.9%、18.3%。各栽培模式下0～20 cm土层土壤养分含量方面，ZM处理较N处理碱解氮含量、速效磷含量、全氮含量分别降低了5.8%、3.8%、1.2%，有机质、速效钾含量较N处理分别提高了11.0%、10.9%；土壤速效氮含量ZM处理小于N处理。就0～100 cm土层各养分平均含量而言，ZM处理有机质较JN、N处理分别提高了14.3%、9.1%，ZM处理速效磷较JN、N处理分别降低了4.2%、1.9%；与JN处理相比，ZM处理土壤全氮含量提高了20.0%，其他有效养分含量均有所下降。综合4种栽培模式对水稻土壤养分的吸收以及对产量的影响，认为合理的减氮增密措施可兼顾水稻高产、氮肥高效利用，可为减氮而不减产的环境友好栽培技术研究提供参考。

关键词: 栽培模式, 减氮增密, 水稻, 产量, 氮素吸收, 氮肥利用率, 壤养分, 剖面分布

Abstract: In order to evaluate the effects of reducing nitrogen and increasing density on rice yield,nitrogen uptake by plant, nitrogen recovery efficiency and nutrient distribution in soil profile, a field experiment was conducted with Wuyunjing 24 as the experimental material. Four cultivation patterns were adopted,zero nitrogen (CK),conventional nitrogen application (N),nitrogen reducing treatment (JN:reducing nitrogen application by 10%),and nitrogen reducing and density increasing treatment ( ZM:reducing nitrogen application by 10% and increasing density by 20%).The results showed that,the grain yield of ZM treatment was 10.2 t/ha, compared with CK, N, JN treatments, the grain yield of ZM increased by 75.9%,6.3%,7.4%,and the nitrogen uptake by plant of ZM increased by 156.2%,3.8%,6.9% respectively.Compared with JN and N treatments,the nitrogen recovery efficiency of ZM increased by 11.9%,18.3%.With regards to soil nutrient content in 0—20 cm soil layer under different cultivation patterns,compared with N treatment,the alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content,available phosphorus content and total nitrogen content of ZM treatment decreased by 5.8%, 3.8%, 1.2% respectively, and the contents of organic matter and available potassium were increased by 11.0%,10.9% respectively.The content of soil available nitrogen content in ZM treatment was lower than that in N treatment.In terms of the average content of nutrient in 0—100 cm soil layer,compared with JN and N treatments,soil organic matter in ZM treatment increased by 14.3%,9.1%,while the available phosphorus in ZM treatment decreased by 4.2%,1.9% respectively.The total nitrogen content of ZM treatment was 20.0% higher than that of JN,while the contents of other available nutrients were lower.Collectively,the comparison of four cultivation patterns demonstrated that,properly increasing plant density and decreasing N application could be a good approach for the trade-off between rice yield and efficient utilization of nitrogen fertilizer,which provides valuable reference for studying environmental friendly cultivation technology of reducing nitrogen without yield reduction.

Key words: Cultivation mode, Nitrogen reducing and density increasing, Rice, Yield, Nitrogen uptake;Nitrogen use efficiency, Soil nutrient, Profile distribution

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