Impact of Vermicompost Application Rate for Winter Wheat on Dry Matter Accumulation，Transportation，and Yield of Subsequent Maize in Lime Concretion Black Soil

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2026.05.005

Abstract

Abstract: To clarify the impact of earthworm cast application rate during the previous winter wheat season on dry matter accumulation，transportation，and yield of the subsequent maize crop in the sand‐ginger black soil region of the Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain，a field location experiment was conducted in sand‐ginger black soil area of Guoxiaozhuang Village，Dancheng County，Zhoukou City，Henan Province in 2021.During the previous winter wheat season，five treatments with different earthworm cast application rates were set up，namely 0（CK），3.75，7.5，15，and 30 t/ha，denoted as EC0，EC1，EC2，EC3，and EC4，respectively，with equal amounts of chemical fertilizer applied. Based on data from two maize seasons spanning 2023—2024，the regulatory effects of earthworm cast application rate during the previous winter wheat season on dry matter accumulation，distribution，transportation，and grain yield of the subsequent maize crop were investigated. The results showed that，over two growing seasons，compared to the EC0 treatment，the application of earthworm casts in the previous winter wheat crop significantly increased the dry matter accumulation in the above‐ground parts of the subsequent maize crop after jointing，and significantly improved the maximum growth rate of dry matter（9.77%—32.87%）and the average growth rate（8.30%—28.61%）in the above‐ground parts，with the EC3 treatment showing the best results and advancing the days when the maximum growth rate of dry matter occurred overall.The application of earthworm casts significantly increased the average accumulation rates of dry matter during the gradual increase period（emergence to early jointing），rapid increase period（early jointing to early grain filling），and slow increase period（early grain filling to maturity）of the subsequent maize crop（8.05%—29.25%，9.77%—32.87%，and 6.06%—21.70% respectively），with the EC3 treatment showing the best results and shortening the duration of the rapid increase period（0.69—2.25 days）and extending the duration of the slow increase period（0.42—1.59 days）.The application of earthworm casts significantly increased the dry matter accumulation to the ear of the subsequent maize crop and improved dry matter accumulation after silking（5.59%—22.68%）and the contribution rate of dry matter after silking to the grain（1.42%—5.82%），both with the EC3 treatment showing the best results. The application of earthworm casts significantly increased the grain yield of the subsequent maize crop（5.71%—26.75%），with the highest value achieved in the EC3 treatment. In summary，under the region of lime concretion black soil in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain，the application of 15 t/ha earthworm casts combined with chemical fertilizer in the previous winter wheat crop can effectively promote the dry matter accumulation，accumulation rate in the above‐ground parts of the subsequent maize crop，improve the dry matter accumulation in the maize ear，increase dry matter accumulation after silking and its contribution rate to the grain，and ultimately increase yield.

Key words: Maize, Wheat, Wormcast, Lime concretion black soil, Dry matter accumulation, Dry matter transport, Yield

摘要： 为明确黄淮海平原砂姜黑土区前茬冬小麦季蚯蚓粪施用量对后茬玉米干物质积累、转运及产量的影响，于2021年在河南省周口市郸城县郭小庄村砂姜黑土区开展田间定位试验。前茬冬小麦季共设5个蚯蚓粪施用量处理，分别为0（CK）、3.75、7.5、15、30 t/hm²，依次记为EC0、EC1、EC2、EC3和EC4，并配施等量化肥。基于2023—2024年2个玉米季数据，研究前茬冬小麦蚯蚓粪施用量对后茬玉米干物质积累、转运及籽粒产量的调控效应。结果表明，2个生长季内，与EC0处理相比，前茬冬小麦施用蚯蚓粪处理均可显著增加后茬玉米拔节后地上部干物质积累量，并显著提高地上部干物质最大增长速率（9.77%~32.87%）、平均增长速率（8.30%~28.61%），均以EC3处理效果最佳，并整体上使干物质最大增长速率出现天数提前；施用蚯蚓粪处理分别显著提高了后茬玉米渐增期（出苗—拔节初期）、快增期（拔节初期—灌浆初期）、缓增期（灌浆初期—成熟期）的平均积累速率（分别为8.05%~29.25%、9.77%~32.87%、6.06%~21.70%），均以EC3处理效果最佳，且缩短了快增期持续时间（0.69~2.25 d），延长了缓增期持续时间（0.42~1.59 d）；施用蚯蚓粪处理显著提高了后茬玉米穗部干物质积累量，并提高吐丝后干物质积累量（5.59%~22.68%）、吐丝后干物质对籽粒的贡献率（1.42%~5.82%），均以EC3处理效果最佳；施用蚯蚓粪处理显著提高了后茬玉米籽粒产量（5.71%~26.75%），最高值在EC3处理。综上，在黄淮海平原砂姜黑土区，前茬冬小麦施用化肥并配施15 t/hm²蚯蚓粪能够有效促进后茬玉米地上部干物质积累，提高积累速率，增加干物质在玉米穗部积累量、吐丝后干物质积累量及其对籽粒的贡献率，并最终提高产量。

关键词: 玉米, 小麦, 蚯蚓粪, 砂姜黑土, 干物质积累, 干物质转运, 产量

CLC Number:

LIANG Lu, YIN Kun, ZHANG Weijie, ZHUANG Qiuli, XU Bohan, TIAN Kaiyue, ZHANG Dongjie, ZHANG Donghui, HUANG Yubo. Impact of Vermicompost Application Rate for Winter Wheat on Dry Matter Accumulation，Transportation，and Yield of Subsequent Maize in Lime Concretion Black Soil[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 55(5): 43-52.

梁路, 尹坤, 张卫杰, 庄秋丽, 徐博涵, 田开月, 张东杰, 张东辉, 黄玉波. 砂姜黑土冬小麦蚯蚓粪施用量对后茬玉米干物质积累转运及产量的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2026, 55(5): 43-52.

Figures/Tables 6

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