Abstract: To explore efficient biocontrol Bacillus resources against wheat crown rot，this study systematically evaluated the antagonistic activity，growth‑promoting and biocontrol functions，pot control efficacy，and genomic characteristics of strain ZM01.The plate confrontation assay showed that ZM01 exhibited an inhibition rate of 68.90% against Fusarium pseudograminearum，the causal agent of wheat crown rot. Functional assays demonstrated that the strain could produce amylase，protease，cellulase，β‑1，3‑glucanase，indole‑3‑acetic acid（IAA），siderophore，and possessed phosphate‑solubilizing ability，indicating both disease prevention and growth‑promoting potential. Pot experiment results revealed that seed soaking with ZM01 significantly alleviated the growth inhibition of wheat seedlings caused by the pathogen，with root length，shoot height，and fresh mass restored to near control levels.It reduced the disease incidence from 90.31% to 29.85% and the disease index from 2. 59 to 0. 56，with the control efficacy reaching 78. 38%. Whole‑genome sequencing showed that ZM01 harbored a circular chromosome of 4 011 152 bp with a GC content of 46.47%，encoding 4 054 predicted genes.Average nucleotide identity（ANI）analysis identified the strain as Bacillus velezensis.A total of 14 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters were predicted in the genome，among which 8 clusters showed high similarity to known antimicrobial substance gene clusters，including fengycin，bacillaene，bacilysin，and macrolactin H.In conclusion，B.velezensis ZM01 demonstrates excellent control efficacy against wheat crown rot and growth‑promoting effects on wheat，and possesses good potential for development as a biocontrol agent，providing strain resources and a theoretical basis for the green management of wheat crown rot.

Key words: Wheat crown rot, Fusarium pseudograminearum, Bacillus velezensis, Biological control, Growth promotion, Whole?genome sequencing, Secondary metabolites

摘要： 为发掘小麦茎基腐病的高效生防芽孢杆菌资源，以菌株ZM01为对象，系统评价其对假禾谷镰孢菌的拮抗活性、促生防病功能、盆栽防治效果并分析其基因组特征。平板对峙试验结果显示，ZM01对小麦茎基腐病病原菌假禾谷镰孢菌的抑菌率达68.90%。功能测定结果表明，该菌株可产淀粉酶、蛋白酶、纤维素酶、β-1，3-葡聚糖酶、吲哚乙酸（IAA）、铁载体且具有溶磷能力，兼具防病与促生潜能。盆栽试验结果显示，ZM01浸种处理可显著缓解病原菌对小麦幼苗的生长抑制，使小麦根长、株高、鲜质量等指标恢复；使小麦茎基腐病的发病率由90.31%降至29.85%，病情指数由2.59降至0.56，防治效果达78.38%。全基因组测序结果表明，ZM01基因组为环状染色体，全长4 011 152 bp，GC含量46.47%，含4 054个编码基因。平均核苷酸一致性（ANI）分析确定该菌株为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌（Bacillus velezensis）。基因组中预测到14个次级代谢产物合成基因簇，其中8个与已知抑菌物质基因簇表现高度相似性，包含Fengycin（丰原素）、Bacillaene（杆菌烯）、Bacilysin（杆菌溶素）、Macrolactin H（大环内酯素H）等抑菌簇。综上，贝莱斯芽孢杆菌ZM01对小麦茎基腐病具有优良的防控效果且对小麦有促生作用，具备开发为生防菌剂的良好潜力，可为小麦茎基腐病绿色防控提供菌株资源与理论依据。

关键词: 小麦茎基腐病, 假禾谷镰孢菌, 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌, 生物防治, 促生, 全基因组测序, 次级代谢产物