Nitrogen Response Characteristics of Peanut Varieties with Different Quality Types and Precise Nitrogen Application Recommendation

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2026.06.005

Abstract

Abstract: To clarify the differentiated nitrogen fertilizer application recommendation standards for the main peanut varieties with different quality types in Henan Province，this study utilized the high⁃oil peanut variety Yuanza 9102（YZ9102），the high⁃protein peanut variety Zhuhua No. 2（ZH2），and the common peanut variety Yuhua 23（YH23），which are widely promoted in Henan Province，as experimental materials. A field experiment was conducted with five nitrogen application gradients（pure N at 0，75，150，225，and 300 kg/ha）. Pod yield and its components，grain protein content and oil content，as well as the activities of key metabolic enzymes involved in fatty acid and protein synthesis in grains were investigated and measured. Linear⁃plateau model and quadratic regression model were employed for fitting analysis. The results indicated that there were significant differences in the responses of different quality⁃type peanuts to nitrogen fertilizer. In the nitrogen application range of 0—150 kg/ha，peanut pod yield increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. YH23 had the highest yield increase of 34.6% compared to the no⁃nitrogen application，which was mainly attributed to the simultaneous increase in pod number per plant and 100⁃pod weight. ZH2 and YZ9102 showed yield increases of 26. 6% and 16. 9%，respectively，which were mainly dependent on the increase in pod number per plant. ZH2 exhibited relatively high activities of nitrogen metabolism enzymes，and its protein content gradually increased within the nitrogen application range of 0—300 kg/ha.YZ9102 showed generally high activities of fatty acid synthesis⁃related enzymes，and its oil yield gradually increased within the nitrogen application range of 0—225 kg/ha.The two models demonstrated good fitting effects on pod yield，protein yield，and oil yield.Among them，the linear⁃plateau model significantly reduced the recommended nitrogen application rate while ensuring increases in both yield and quality，offering superior economic benefits.Therefore，based on the recommended nitrogen application rates predicted by the linear⁃plateau model，differentiated nitrogen application recommendations are proposed as follows：for oil⁃use peanut variety YZ9102，the recommended nitrogen application rate is 161.7 kg/ha；for high⁃protein peanut variety ZH2，it is 201.5 kg/ha；and for common peanut variety YH23，it is 163.4 kg/ha.

Key words: Peanut, Quality type, Nitrogen application rate, Yield, Quality, Precise nitrogen application

摘要： 为明确河南省不同品质类型主推花生品种的差异化氮肥用量推荐标准，以河南省主推的高油型花生远杂9102（YZ9102）、高蛋白型花生驻花2号（ZH2）和普通型花生豫花23（YH23）为试验材料，采用大田试验，设置5个施氮梯度（纯N 0、75、150、225、300 kg/hm^²），调查测定荚果产量及其构成因素、籽粒蛋白质含量和含油量、籽粒脂肪酸和蛋白质合成关键代谢酶活性，并分别采用线性加平台模型与一元二次方程模型进行拟合分析。结果表明，不同品质类型花生对氮肥响应差异显著。0~150 kg/hm^²施氮范围，花生荚果产量随施氮量增加而增加，YH23较不施氮最高增产34.6%，主要与单株结果数和百果质量同步增加有关；ZH2和YZ9102最高增产分别为26.6%和16.9%，主要依赖单株结果数增加。ZH2表现出较高的氮代谢酶活性，蛋白质含量在施氮0~300 kg/hm^²逐渐上升；YZ9102脂肪酸合成相关酶活性整体较高，油分产量在施氮0~225 kg/hm^²逐渐上升。2种模型对荚果产量、蛋白质产量、油分产量的拟合效果良好，其中线性加平台模型在保证产量和品质增幅的同时显著减少推荐施氮量，经济效益更优。因此，基于线性加平台模型预测的推荐施氮量，提出差异化施氮建议：对于油用型花生YZ9102，推荐施氮量为161.7kg/hm^²；对于高蛋白型花生ZH2，推荐施氮量为201.5 kg/hm^²；对于普通型花生YH23，推荐施氮量为163.4 kg/hm^²。

关键词: 花生, 品质类型, 施氮量, 产量, 品质, 精准施氮

CLC Number:

S565.2

LI Xiujie, WANG Xiuping, ZHANG Xinyou. Nitrogen Response Characteristics of Peanut Varieties with Different Quality Types and Precise Nitrogen Application Recommendation[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 55(6): 44-55.

李秀杰, 王秀萍, 张新友. 不同品质类型花生品种的氮肥响应特性及精准施氮推荐[J]. 河南农业科学, 2026, 55(6): 44-55.

Figures/Tables 15

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