Screening and Residue Characteristics Analysis of Efficient Control Agents for Typical Diseases of Polygonatum sibiricum#br#

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2026.01.009

Abstract

Abstract: Anthracnose and leaf spot are two common diseases affecting Polygonatum sibiricum（Huangjing），for which no highly effective and safe pesticides have been registered for control to date.To screen safe and efficient pesticides against these two diseases，this study first conducted indoor toxicity tests to investigate the inhibitory effects of different pesticides on the pathogens of P.sibiricum anthracnose and leaf spot，thereby selecting highly effective control agents.Subsequently，field efficacy trials were carried out to verify the control effects of the selected pesticides. For the screened high‐efficiency pesticides，a rapid residue analysis method was established using the quick，easy，cheap，effective，rugged，and safe（QuEChERS） sample pretreatment technique combined with ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC‐MS/MS）.Meanwhile，field residue
trials were performed to clarify the residue characteristics of these pesticides in P.sibiricum.The results showed that trifloxystrobin，carbendazim，and azoxystrobin exhibited good inhibitory effects on the anthracnose pathogen，with half‐maximal effective concentrations（EC₅₀）of 0.127，0.429，and 1.061 mg/L，respectively.For the leaf spot pathogen，hexaconazole，propiconazole，difenoconazole，and carbendazim showed excellent inhibitory activities，with EC₅₀values of 0.759，0.968，1.657，and 1.716 mg/L，respectively.Field efficacy results indicated that 25% trifloxystrobin suspension concentrate and 250 g/L azoxystrobin suspension concentrate had good control effects on P. sibiricum anthracnose，with field control efficiencies of 87.6% and 86.3%，respectively.Additionally，25% hexaconazole suspension concentrate and 250 g/L propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate showed superior control effects on P.sibiricum leaf spot，with field control efficiencies of 93.2% and 90.2%，respectively.For the residue analysis，after extraction with acetonitrile，purification with octadecylsilane（C₁₈），and detection by UPLC‐MS/MS，the recoveries of trifloxystrobin，azoxystrobin，propiconazole，and hexaconazole in P.sibiricum samples ranged from 82.5% to 98.3% at three spiking levels（0.02，0.50，and 10 mg/kg），with relative standard deviations（RSD）of 2.4% to 4.2%.The linear correlation coefficients（r）were all > 0. 998，the limits of quantitation（LOQ）were 0.010—0.016 mg/kg，and the limits of detection（LOD）were 0.003—0.005 mg/kg.Residue trials of the four pesticides were conducted in four locations across major P.sibiricum producing areas in China for one year. The results showed that the final residue levels of the four agents in P.sibiricum were all below the quantification limit at 21 days and 28 days after the last application，indicating low residue levels.In conclusion，25% trifloxystrobin suspension concentrate and 250 g/L azoxystrobin suspension concentrate can effectively control P.sibiricum anthracnose，while 25% hexaconazole suspension concentrate and 250 g/L propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate are effective for P.sibiricum leaf spot control.These findings provide safe and efficient pesticide options for the management of typical diseases in P.sibiricum and hold great significance for promoting the sustainable development of the P.sibiricum industry.

Key words: Polygonatum sibiricum, Anthracnose, Leaf spot, Control agent, Indoor virulence, Field control effect, Residue analysis

摘要： 炭疽病和叶斑病是黄精种植上常见的2种病害，目前尚无高效安全防治药剂登记。为筛选黄精炭疽病和叶斑病的安全高效防治药剂，首先通过室内毒力试验研究不同药剂对黄精炭疽病和叶斑病病原菌的抑制作用，筛选高效防治药剂，并通过大田防效试验，验证不同药剂的防治效果；针对筛选出的高效防治药剂，通过快速样品前处理技术（QuEChERS）和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪（UPLC-MS/MS）建立其高效残留分析方法，并通过大田残留试验明确其在黄精上的残留特征。结果表明，肟菌酯、多菌灵、嘧菌酯对黄精炭疽病病原菌的抑制效果较好，半数效应浓度（EC₅₀）值分别为0.127、0.429、1.061 mg/L；己唑醇、丙环唑、苯醚甲环唑和多菌灵对黄精叶斑病病原菌的抑制效果较好，EC₅₀值分别为0.759、0.968、1.657、1.716 mg/L。大田防效结果表明，25%肟菌酯悬浮剂和250 g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂对黄精炭疽病、25%己唑醇悬浮剂和250 g/L丙环唑乳油对黄精叶斑病的防治效果较好，田间防效分别为87.6%和86.3%、93.2% 和90.2%。黄精样品中的肟菌酯、嘧菌酯、丙环唑和己唑醇经乙腈提取、十八烷基硅烷（C₁₈）净化和UPLC-MS/MS检测，在0.02、0.50、10 mg/kg 3个添加水平下回收率为82.5%~98.3%，相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.4%~4.2%，线性相关系数（r）均> 0.998，定量限（LOQ）为0.010~0.016 mg/kg，检出限（LOD）为0.003~0.005 mg/kg。在全国黄精主产区进行一年四地以上4种药剂残留试验表明，末次施药后21 d和28 d，4种药剂在黄精中的最终残留量均小于定量限，残留水平较低。综上，25%肟菌酯悬浮剂和250 g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂可有效防治黄精炭疽病，25%己唑醇悬浮剂和250 g/L丙环唑乳油可有效防治黄精叶斑病，为黄精典型病害的防控提供了高效安全的药剂选择，对促进黄精产业的可持续发展具有重要意义。

关键词: 黄精, 炭疽病, 叶斑病, 防治药剂, 室内毒力, 田间防效, 残留分析

CLC Number:

S435.672

HAN Jie, WANG Qinghai, ZHENG Yufei, HU Jin, ZHU Wencheng, WANG Xiuguo, LIU Tong. Screening and Residue Characteristics Analysis of Efficient Control Agents for Typical Diseases of Polygonatum sibiricum#br#[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 55(1): 101-109.

韩婕, 王清海, 郑雨菲, 胡瑾, 朱文成, 王秀国, 刘通. 黄精典型病害高效防治药剂筛选及残留特征分析[J]. 河南农业科学, 2026, 55(1): 101-109.

Figures/Tables 6

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