Abstract: To study the promoting effect of carbon‑based fertilizer application on the growth，development，and yield formation of winter wheat‑summer maize，a field experiment was conducted with five treatments：local conventional fertilization with 20% nitrogen reduction（CK），conventional fertilization with 20% nitrogen reduction+375 kg/ha of carbon‑based fertilizer（T1），conventional fertilization with 20% nitrogen reduction+750 kg/ha of carbon‑based fertilizer（T2），conventional fertilization with 20% nitrogen reduction+1 125 kg/ha of carbon‑based fertilizer（T3），and local conventional fertilization（100% chemical nitrogen fertilizer，T4）. The study aimed to explore the impact of reducing chemical fertilizer application and combining with carbon‑based fertilizer on the yield and quality formation of winter wheat in the current season，as well as its carryover effects on the yield and nutrient accumulation of the subsequent summer maize. The results showed that compared with CK，the yield of winter wheat treated with T3 was the highest，which was significantly increased by 16. 25% compared with CK.T2 treatment was the second，which significantly increased by 15. 13% compared with CK. There was no significant difference in yield between T3 and T2 treatments，and the yield difference was not significant compared with T4 treatment. The grain protein content，wet gluten content，gluten index，dry weight above ground，nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of T3 treatment were the largest and significantly higher than those of CK，and the nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation were significantly higher than that of T4 treatment.T2 treatment followed T3 treatment，but the difference between the two did not reach a significant level.Compared to CK，the soil organic matter，total nitrogen，available phosphorus，and available potassium contents were significantly increased in the treatment of conventional fertilization with 20% reduction in nitrogen combined with carbon‑based fertilizer. Among them，the organic matter，available phosphorus，and available potassium contents in T3 and T2 treatments increased to a significant level，and the available phosphorus content in T3 treatment was significantly higher than that in T4 treatment.Compared to CK，the yield and nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium accumulation of summer maize after conventional fertilization with 20% reduction in nitrogen combined with carbon‑based fertilizer were also significantly increased，and the yields of T3 and T2 treatments were superior to that of T4 treatment. In summary，conventional fertilization with 20% nitrogen reduction combined with 750—1 125 kg/ha of carbon‑based fertilizer could enhance soil fertility，and increase the nutrient accumulation of winter wheat，thereby benefiting the increase in winter wheat yield and quality improvement，and also promoting the increase in the yield of the following summer corn crop. It is a suitable fertilization model for the winter wheat‑summer maize rotation system under the conditions of this experiment.

Key words: Winter wheat, Carbon?based fertilizer, Yield, Quality, Soil nutrient, Subsequent summer maize

摘要： 为研究碳基肥施用对冬小麦-夏玉米生长发育和产量形成的促进效果，采用大田试验，设置当地常规施肥减氮20%（CK）、常规施肥减氮20%+碳基肥375 kg/hm²（T1）、常规施肥减氮20%+碳基肥750 kg/hm²（T2）、常规施肥减氮20%+碳基肥1 125 kg/hm²（T3）、当地常规施肥（100%化肥氮，T4）共5个处理，探究化肥减量配施碳基肥对当季冬小麦产量和品质形成的影响，同时探明其对后茬夏玉米产量和养分积累的后效。结果表明，与CK相比，T3处理的冬小麦产量最高，较CK显著提升16.25%；T2处理次之，较CK显著提升15.13%。T3、T2处理间产量差异不显著，其与T4处理相比，产量差异也未达到显著水平。T3处理籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、面筋指数、地上部干质量以及氮和磷积累量均最大，且均显著高于CK，其氮和磷积累量较T4处理也均有显著提升；T2处理较T3处理次之，但总体上二者之间差异未达显著水平。与CK相比，常规施肥减氮20%配施碳基肥处理土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量明显提升，其中T3、T2处理有机质、有效磷、速效钾含量提升达到显著水平，T3处理有效磷含量显著高于T4处理。与CK相比，常规施肥减氮20%配施碳基肥后茬夏玉米产量和氮、磷、钾积累量也得到明显提升，且T3、T2处理产量优于T4处理。综上，常规施肥减氮20%配施750~1 125 kg/hm²碳基肥可以提升土壤肥力，提高冬小麦养分积累量，进而有利于冬小麦产量提升和品质改善，并有利于后茬夏玉米产量提升，是设置研究条件下冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系适宜的施肥模式。

关键词: 冬小麦, 碳基肥, 产量, 品质, 土壤养分, 后茬夏玉米