关键词: 小麦, 耕作方式, 种植方式, 秸秆还田, 根蘖动态, 产量, 经济效益

Abstract: To identify the suitable farming pattern for high‑yield and high‑efficiency wheat production in lime concretion black soil，a two‑year field experiment was conducted to study wheat root and tiller dynamics，aboveground dry matter accumulation and translocation，yield，and economic benefits under eight treatment combinations of straw incorporation（straw incorporation and straw removed），tillage method（rotary tillage and plowing），and planting method（equal‑row spacing and wide‑narrow row spacing）.The results showed that compared with the treatment with straw incorporation，two passes of rotary tillage and equal‑row spacing（T1），the treatment with straw incorporation，one pass of plowing plus power harrowing and equal‑row spacing（T3）significantly increased secondary root numbers at wintering and jointing stages in two years，with increases of 19.98%—48.71% and 40.98%—44.08%，respectively；the treatment with straw incorporation，one pass of plowing plus power harrowing and wide‑narrow row spacing（T7）only significantly increased secondary root numbers at jointing and flowering stages in the second year. Compared with T1 treatment，T3 treatment and the treatment with straw removed，one pass of plowing plus power harrowing and equal‑row spacing（T4）significantly increased basic seedling number，maximum tiller number，and aboveground dry matter accumulation at flowering and mature stages，while T7 treatment significantly increased the maximum tiller number in two years；T3 treatment significantly increased dry matter transport amount before anthesis，dry matter transport rate before anthesis，contribution rate of dry matter transport to grain yield before anthesis，grain number per ear，and yield in two years，with yield increase of 8.38%—11.65%，while the treatment with straw removed，two passes of rotary tillage and equal‑row spacing（T2）and T4 treatment only significantly increased dry atter accumulation after anthesis and yield in the second year.The net income and output‑input ratio of T3 treatment were the highest，increased by 1 420.86—2 801.55 yuan/ha and 0.12—0.26 compared with T1 treatment in two years，respectively；T2 and T4 treatments only increased the net income of 680.34—964.12 yuan/ha and 420.36—1 246.23 yuan/ha，compared with T1 treatment in two years，respectively.In summary，the pattern with straw incorporation，one pass of plowing plus power harrowing and equal‑row spacing can increase wheat root and tiller number，promote dry matter accumulation and transport before anthesis，and improve yield and economic benefit，being a farming pattern for high‑yield and high‑efficiency wheat production in lime concretion black soil.

Key words: Wheat, Tillage method, Planting method, Straw incorporation, Root and tiller dynamic, Yield, Economic benefit