关键词: 农作物, 种质资源, 普查收集, 多样性, 海拔, 河南省

Abstract: To understand the specific situation of crop germplasm resources in Henan Province，in the third national census and collection action of crop germplasm resources，Henan Province conducted a comprehensive survey of crop germplasm resources in 128 agricultural counties（cities，districts）across the province（referred to as census counties），and carried out a systematic investigation and rescue collection of crop germplasm resources in 38 agricultural counties（cities，districts） with rich germplasm resources（referred to as survey counties）from 2020 to 2023.By organizing the collected germplasm sample information，the quantity，type，distribution，and diversity of the germplasm were analyzed.The results showed that in the third national census and collection action of crop germplasm resources，Henan Province collected a total of 7 565 crop germplasm resources.By germplasm type，local varieties，wild resources，bred varieties，and foreign‑introduced varieties accounted for 77.08%，20.15%，2.63%，and 0.15%，respectively；by crop type，vegetable crop，grain crop，fruit tree crop，economic crop，and forage and green manure crop accounted for 36.54%，31.73%，20.28%，9.07%，and 2.38%，respectively.The collected germplasm belonged to 55 families，176 genera，and 290 species，covering a total of 241 crops，the top six in terms of the quantity of germplasm were Fabaceae，Poaceae，Cucurbitaceae，Rosaceae，Liliaceae，and Brassicaceae. There were significant difference in the types of crops collected in the 18 prefecture‑level cities，Anyang，Hebi，Xinxiang，Xuchang，Sanmenxia，and Jiyuan City primarily focused on grain crops，among which Sanmenxia City collected the highest number of grain crops，a total of 270；Luoyang City emphasized both food and fruit tree crops； the other prefecture‑level cities were dominated by vegetable crops，Nanyang collected the largest number of vegetable crops，a total of 288.The quantity of crop germplasm collected in Henan Province generally decreased with the increase of altitude，mainly distributed in areas below 100 meters.A total of 24 families crops were distributed at all six altitude gradients，the top five in terms of germplasm quantity included Fabaceae，Poaceae，and Rosaceae at all six altitude gradients.The quantity of Cucurbitaceae germplasm was most affected by altitude.Correlation analysis showed that at the six altitude gradients，there were highly significant positive correlations between each pair of Shannon‑Wiener diversity index，Brillouin richness index，Simpson dominance index，and Pielou evenness index of crop germplasm resources.

Key words: Crops, Germplasm resources, Systematic survey and collection, Diversity, Altitude, Henan Province