氧化应激对奶牛泌乳性能影响的研究进展

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2026.01.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 奶牛的泌乳性能与乳腺组织健康密切相关，易受多种环境因素和营养因素的影响。其中，氧化应激是影响奶牛泌乳性能和乳腺健康的关键因素。氧化应激会破坏乳腺组织的正常生理机能，诱导乳腺上皮细胞凋亡，并导致产奶量与乳品质下降，给养殖业造成严重经济损失。系统综述奶牛生理状况、饲养环境、日粮因素等诱发奶牛氧化应激的主要途径，梳理氧化应激对泌乳性能和乳腺组织结构功能的影响及其作用机制，重点围绕乳腺上皮细胞凋亡及炎症反应等过程，探讨相关信号通路在介导泌乳功能下降中的作用；同时，总结在日粮中添加维生素、矿物质、植物提取物等措施来缓解奶牛氧化应激损伤的研究进展，以期为提高奶牛泌乳性能、减轻氧化应激损伤的相关研究提供理论参考。

关键词: 奶牛, 氧化应激, 泌乳性能, 细胞凋亡, 炎症反应, 分子机制

Abstract: The lactational performance of dairy cows is closely related to mammary gland health and is susceptible to various environmental factors and nutritional factors.Among these，oxidative stress is a key factor affecting both lactational performance and mammary health in dairy cows.Oxidative stress can destroy the normal physiological function of breast tissue，induce the apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells，and lead to the decrease of milk yield and milk quality，causing serious economic losses to the breeding industry.Therefore，this review systematically summarized the main pathways through which factors such as the physiological condition，feeding environment，and dietary factor of dairy cows induced oxidative stress.It sorted out the impacts of oxidative stress on lactational performance and the structure and function of mammary tissue，as well as their action mechanisms，with a specific focus on processes including mammary epithelial cell apoptosis and inflammatory responses，exploring the role of related signaling pathways in mediating the decline of lactational function.At the same time，the research progress of adding vitamins，minerals，plant extracts and other nutrients to the diet to alleviate the oxidative stress injury of dairy cows was summarized，in order to provide a theoretical reference for improving the lactation performance of dairy cows and reducing oxidative stress injury.

Key words: Dairy cow, Oxidative stress, Lactation performance, Apoptosis, Inflammatory response, Molecular mechanism

中图分类号:

S823

李彦青, 李宇航, 王兴平, 虎喜敏, 王怡涵, 罗仍卓么. 氧化应激对奶牛泌乳性能影响的研究进展[J]. 河南农业科学, 2026, 55(1): 16-25.

LI Yanqing, LI Yuhang, WANG Xingping, HU Ximin, WANG Yihan, LUORENG Zhuoma. Research Advances on the Effects of Oxidative Stress on Lactation Performance in Dairy Cows[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 55(1): 16-25.

图/表 2

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