关键词: 胡麻, 施硒方式, 叶面喷施, 拌种, 生理特性, 产量, 品质

Abstract: To explore the optimal selenium application method for flax，Tongya 16（TY16）and Jinya 10（JY10）were used as test materials.Seven treatments were set up：a control（CK，seeds not coated with Na₂SeO₃ and no foliar selenium sprayed during the growing period），seed coating with selenium［coating 100 g seeds with 0.1 g，0.3 g，and 0.5 g Na₂SeO₃］and foliar selenium applications（10，50，and 90 g/ha Na₂SeO₃）. The effects of different selenium application methods on agronomic traits，photosynthetic physiology，yield，and quality of flax were measured.The results showed that foliar spraying of selenium was overall superior to seed coating in promoting flax yield formation，improving physiological functions，and enhancing seed quality. Among them，foliar spraying with 50 g/ha Na₂SeO₃ had the best yield‑increasing effect，raising yield by 9.64%—9.91% compared to CK，and surpassing the best seed coating treatment（100 g seeds coated with 0.3 g Na₂SeO₃）by 1.59%—1.64%.This yield increase mainly stemmed from increases in the number of fruits per plant and seeds per fruit. This treatment also maximized leaf net photosynthetic rate（Pn），stomatal conductance（Gs），and superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity，while significantly reduced malondialdehyde（MDA）content. In terms of selenium enrichment efficiency，foliar spraying was also remarkably effective；at 90 g/ha，the selenium content in seeds of both varieties was 18.40—25.05 times higher than in CK，whereas the highest enrichment multiple for seed coating was 14.33—22.50 times. Quality analysis showed that foliar spraying with 50 g/haNa2SeO3 significantly enhanced the contents of linoleic acid and linolenic acid compared to seed coating treatments. Considering both yield and quality effects，foliar application of 50 g/haNa₂SeO₃ is an optimal agronomic measure for achieving safe and efficient biofortification of flax.

Key words: Flax, Selenium application method, Foliar spraying, Seed dressing, Physiological characteristics, Yield, Quality